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<big>'''ANZA HAPO CHINI - START BELOW THIS:'''</big>
'''Fuya Godwin Kimbita''' (born 7 November 1967) is a [[Tanzania]]n [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] politician and [[List of Tanzania National Assembly members|Member of Parliament]] for Hai constituency in the [[National Assembly of Tanzania|National Assembly]] of Tanzania since 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1460/2005-2010 |title=Member of Parliament CV |date= |work= |publisher=[[Parliament of Tanzania]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195736/http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1460/2005-2010 |archivedate=2013-10-29 |df= }}</ref>
'''Sayari ya Nje''' ([[ing.]] [[:en:exoplanet|exoplanet]], au extrasolar planet) ni sayari iliyopo nje ya [[mfumo wa jua letu]].
==References==
[[File:Exoplanet Discovery Methods Bar.png|thumb|300px|Exoplanets, by year of discovery, through September 2014.]]
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kimbita, Fuya Godwin}}
Mnamo mwaka 2017 zaidi ya sayari za nje 2000 zimetambuliwa. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/ExoTables/nph-exotbls?dataset=planets|title=Exoplanet Archive Planet Counts|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="kepler1700">{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Michele |last2=Harrington |first2=J.D. |title=NASA's Kepler Mission Announces a Planet Bonanza, 715 New Worlds |url=http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-mission-announces-a-planet-bonanza/ |date=February 26, 2014 |work=[[NASA]] |accessdate=February 26, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog|title=The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo|publisher=}}</ref>
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chama Cha Mapinduzi MPs]]
[[Category:Tanzanian MPs 2010–15]]
[[Category:21st-century Tanzanian politicians]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
Hadi miaka ya 1990 idadi kubwa ya wanaastronomia bado walihangaika kama sayari za nje ziko au la. Mwaka 1992 watafiti wa [[astronomia ya redio]] [[Aleksander Wolszczan]] na [[Dale Frail]] walitangaza kugunduliwa kwa sayari mbili zinazozunguka [[nyota ya pigapiga]] [[PSR 1257+12]].<ref name="Wolszczan">{{Cite journal | last1 = Wolszczan | first1 = A. |bibcode=1992Natur.355..145W| last2 = Frail | first2 = D. A. | doi = 10.1038/355145a0 | title = A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12 | journal = Nature | volume = 355 | issue = 6356 | pages = 145–147 | year = 1992 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> Miaka michache baadaye taarifa hii ilithebitishwa na wagunduzi wengine.
{{Tanzania-politician-stub}}
[[File:Size of Kepler Planet Candidates.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Sizes of ''Kepler'' Planet Candidates – based on 2,740 candidates orbiting 2,036 stars {{As of|2013|11|04|lc=on}} (NASA).]]
The first confirmed discovery of an extrasolar planet orbiting an ordinary main-sequence star occurred on 6 October 1995, when [[Michel Mayor]] and [[Didier Queloz]] of the [[University of Geneva]] announced the detection of an exoplanet around [[51 Pegasi]]. From then until the [[Kepler (spacecraft)|Kepler mission]] most known extrasolar planets were gas giants comparable in mass to Jupiter or larger as they were more easily detected. The catalog of Kepler candidate planets consists mostly of planets the size of Neptune and smaller, down to smaller than Mercury.
There are types of planets that do not exist in the Solar System: [[super-Earth]]s and [[mini-Neptune]]s, which could be rocky like Earth or a mixture of volatiles and gas like Neptune—a radius of 1.75 times that of Earth is a possible dividing line between the two types of planet.<ref>{{cite arXiv |eprint=1311.0329 |last1=Lopez |first1=E. D. |last2=Fortney |first2=J. J. |title=Understanding the Mass-Radius Relation for Sub-Neptunes: Radius as a Proxy for Composition |class=astro-ph.EP |date=2013}}</ref> There are [[hot Jupiter]]s that orbit very close to their star and may evaporate to become [[chthonian planet]]s, which are the leftover cores. Another possible type of planet is [[carbon planet]]s, which form in systems with a higher proportion of carbon than in the Solar System.
A 2012 study, analyzing [[gravitational microlensing]] data, estimates an [[Arithmetic mean|average]] of at least 1.6 bound planets for every star in the Milky Way.<ref name="nature.com"/>
On December 20, 2011, the [[Kepler (spacecraft)|Kepler Space Telescope]] team reported the discovery of the first [[Terrestrial planet|Earth-size]] [[exoplanet]]s, [[Kepler-20e]]<ref name="Kepler20e-20111220" /> and [[Kepler-20f]],<ref name="Kepler20f-20111220" /> orbiting a [[Solar analog|Sun-like star]], [[Kepler-20]].<ref name="NASA-20111220" /><ref name="Nature-20111220" /><ref name="NYT-20111220" />
Around 1 in 5 Sun-like<ref group=lower-alpha name=1in5sunlike>For the purpose of this 1 in 5 statistic, "Sun-like" means [[G-type star]]. Data for Sun-like stars wasn't available so this statistic is an extrapolation from data about [[K-type star]]s</ref> stars have an "Earth-sized"<ref group=lower-alpha name=1in5earthsized>For the purpose of this 1 in 5 statistic, Earth-sized means 1–2 Earth radii</ref> planet in the habitable<ref group=lower-alpha name=1in5habitable>For the purpose of this 1 in 5 statistic, "habitable zone" means the region with 0.25 to 4 times Earth's stellar flux (corresponding to 0.5–2 AU for the Sun).</ref> zone, so the nearest would be expected to be within 12 light-years distance from Earth.<ref name ="ucb1in5">
{{cite web
|last=Sanders |first=R.
|date=4 November 2013
|title=Astronomers answer key question: How common are habitable planets?
|url=http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/11/04/astronomers-answer-key-question-how-common-are-habitable-planets/
|work=newscenter.berkeley.edu
}}</ref><ref name="earthsunhzprev">
{{cite journal
|last=Petigura |first=E. A.
|last2=Howard |first2=A. W.
|last3=Marcy |first3=G. W.
|date=2013
|title=Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars
|journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]
|arxiv= 1311.6806
|bibcode= 2013PNAS..11019273P
|doi=10.1073/pnas.1319909110
|volume=110
|pages=19273–19278
|pmid=24191033
|pmc=3845182
}}</ref>
The frequency of occurrence of such terrestrial planets is one of the variables in the [[Drake equation]], which estimates the number of [[Extraterrestrial life|intelligent, communicating civilizations]] that exist in the [[Milky Way]].<ref>{{cite news | last=Drake |first=Frank |title=The Drake Equation Revisited |publisher=Astrobiology Magazine |date=2003-09-29 |url=http://www.astrobio.net/index.php?option=com_retrospection&task=detail&id=610 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628180502/http://www.astrobio.net/index.php?option=com_retrospection&task=detail&id=610 |archivedate=2011-06-28 |accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref>
There are exoplanets that are much closer to their parent star than any planet in the Solar System is to the Sun, and there are also exoplanets that are much farther from their star. [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], the closest planet to the Sun at 0.4 [[astronomical unit|AU]], takes 88-days for an orbit, but the shortest known orbits for exoplanets take only a few hours, e.g. [[Kepler-70b]]. The [[Kepler-11]] system has five of its planets in shorter orbits than Mercury's, all of them much more massive than Mercury. [[Neptune]] is 30 AU from the Sun and takes 165 years to orbit, but there are exoplanets that are hundreds of [[astronomical unit|AU]] from their star and take more than a thousand years to orbit, e.g. [[1RXS1609 b]].
The next few [[space telescope]]s to study exoplanets are expected to be [[Gaia (spacecraft)|Gaia]] launched in December 2013, [[CHEOPS (spacecraft)|CHEOPS]] in 2017, [[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|TESS]] in 2017, and the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] in 2018.
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