Sais, Egypt
Sais ( kwa Kigiriki Σάϊς , Coptic ) ulikuwa mji wa kale wa Misri katika Delta ya Nile Magharibi kwenye tawi la Canopic la Mto Nile, [1] unaojulikana na Wamisri wa kale kama Sꜣw . [2] Ulikuwa mji mkuu wa mkoa wa Sap-Meh, jina la tano la Misri ya Chini na ukawa makao makuu ya utawala wakati wa Enzi ya Ishirini na nne ya Misri (c. 732–720 KK) na Saite ya Ishirini na Sita ya Nasaba ya Misri (664– 525 KK) wakati wa Kipindi cha Marehemu . [3] Juu ya magofu yake leo unasimama mji wa Sa el-Hagar [2] [4] ( Arabic ) au Sa El Hajar .
Kipindi cha Neolithic
haririMakazi ya Neolithic yametambuliwa huko Sais hivi majuzi (1999), yaliyoanzia 5000 KK. Kilimo kinaonekana hapa katika kipindi hiki, na vile vile kwenye tovuti nyingine kama hiyo, Merimde Beni Salama, ambayo iko karibu kilomita 80 kusini mwa Sais. [5]
Kipindi cha Neolithic huko Sais kina awamu tatu. Awamu za mwanzo ni Neolithic za Mapema (Sais I) na Marehemu Neolithic (Sais II). [6] Wakati wa Neolithic ya Mapema, tovuti ilianza kama kambi ya wavuvi lakini baadaye, Katika Kipindi cha Kati hadi Marehemu cha Neolithic, ilitatuliwa na wataalamu wa kilimo kwa ajili ya kulima eneo la mafuriko. [7]
Mabadiliko ya shughuli kutoka kwa usindikaji wa samaki hadi awamu ya uwindaji uliotulia na kilimo inaweza kuunganishwa na mabadiliko ya polepole ya hali ya hewa kutoka 4600 BC na kuendelea. Inaaminika kuwa awamu ya Unyevu wa Holocene ya Kati ilianza wakati huo. [8]
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. "Saïs." Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. 9th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1985. ISBN 0-87779-508-8, ISBN 0-87779-509-6 (indexed), and ISBN 0-87779-510-X (deluxe).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Myśliwiec, Karol (2001). "Sais". Katika Redford, Donald B. (mhr.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ku. 173–4. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
- ↑ Ian Shaw & Paul Nicholson, The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, British Museum Press, 1995. p.250
- ↑ Snape, Steven (2014). The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-77240-9.
- ↑ Rowland, Joanne M.; Bertini, Louise C. (2016). "The Neolithic within the context of northern Egypt: New results and perspectives from Merimde Beni Salama". Quaternary International. 410. Elsevier BV: 160–172. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2016.02.014. ISSN 1040-6182.
- ↑ Penelope Wilson, Gregory Gilbert & Geoffrey Tassie (2014), Sais II: the prehistoric period at Sa el-Hagar. (EES Excavation Memoir 107). xvii+280 pages. 2014. London: Egypt Exploration Society; 978-0-85698-218-7
- ↑ Wilson, P. (2007), Prehistoric settlement in the Western Delta : a regional and local view from Sais (Sa el-Hagar)., Journal of Egyptian archaeology., 92 . pp. 75-126
- ↑ Penelope Wilson (2014), THE PREHISTORIC SEQUENCE AT SAIS: TEMPORAL AND REGIONAL CONNECTIONS. Ilihifadhiwa 16 Juni 2022 kwenye Wayback Machine. The Nile Delta as a centre of cultural interactions between Upper Egypt and the Southern Levant in the 4th millennium BC. Studies in African Archaeology 13