Fugo

Fugo (ing. domestication kutoka lat. domesticus: "kuhusiana na nyumba") ni mchakato unaotoeka kama wanyama mwitu wanaishi karibu na watu na kufugwa nao kwa muda mrefu.

Mbwa kaya anaaminiwa kuwa mnyama wa kwanza aliyetokwakwa njia ya fugo

Mbwa mwitu wa Ulaya alikuwa babu wa mbwa kaya

Uteuzi wa tabia za wanyama

Katika muda wa vizazi vingi tabia mbalimbali za wanayama zinabadilika. Hii inatokea hasa kwa sababu watu waliteua wanyama wenye tabia zilizotakiwa, kwa mfano

• ukali ya kupungukiwa
• uvumulivu kwa kukaa karibu na binadamu
• kiasi cha nyama au maziwa au sufu
• uwezo wa kutumia chakula kilicholiwa na binadamu
• idadi ya watoto na uwingi wa kuzaa

Katika mchakato wa uteuzi wanyama wasiolingana hawakupewa nafasi ya kuzaa tena yaani hawakufugwa na hivyo tabia zisizotakiwa zilipugua na tabia zilizotafutwa ziliongezeka.

Fugo kwa mimea

Mchakato huohuo ulitokea pia upande wa mimea.

Watu walikuta manyasi yenye mbegu kubwa kiasi uliofaa kama chakula wakatambua ya kwamba waliweza kutunza mbegu za aina hii ya nyasi na kuzipanda mahali walipohamia wakaona wakitunza mbegu kubwa zaidi kwa kupanda polepole mimea mpya ikaota mbegu kubwa zaidi.

Katika mchakato huu kipo chanzo cha kutokea kwa nafaka zote zinazoliwa na binadamu. lakini pia mimea mingine ya matunda kama vile ndizi au mitofaa.

• 
  Kondoo mwitu
• 
  Kondoo kaya
• 
  Ng'ombe mwitu wa Ulaya
• 
  Ng'ombe kaya
• 
  Nguruwe mwitu wa Ulaya
• 
  Nguruwe kaya
• 
  Mbegu za manyasi ziliteuliwa miaka 8000 iliyopita..
• 
  .. nafaka zimetokea

Kujisomea

• Charles Darwin, The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, 1868.
• Jared Diamond, Guns, germs and steel. A short history of everybody for the last 13,000 years, 1997.
• Laura Hobgood-Oster, A Dog's History of the World: Canines and the Domestication of Humans, 2014
• Hope Ryden, Out of the Wild: The Story of Domesticated Animals Hardcover, 1995
• Halcrow, S. E., Harris, N. J., Tayles, N., Ikehara-Quebral, R. and Pietrusewsky, M. (2013), From the mouths of babes: Dental caries in infants and children and the intensification of agriculture in mainland Southeast Asia. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 150: 409–420. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22215
• Hayden, B. (2003). Were luxury foods the first domesticates? Ethnoarchaeological perspectives from Southeast Asia. World Archaeology, 34(3), 458-469.

Viungo vya Nje

• Crop Wild Relative Inventory and Gap Analysis: reliable information source on where and what to conserve ex-situ, for crop genepools of global importance
• Discussion of animal domestication
• Guns, Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond (ISBN 0-393-03891-2)
• News story Ilihifadhiwa 24 Desemba 2007 kwenye Wayback Machine. about an early domesticated cat find
• Belyaev experiment Ilihifadhiwa 28 Desemba 2005 kwenye Wayback Machine. with the domestic fox
• Use of Domestic Animals in Zoo Education
• The Initial Domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 Years Ago
• Cattle domestication diagram Ilihifadhiwa 19 Desemba 2010 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• Major topic "domestication": free full-text articles (more than 100 plus reviews) in National Library of Medicine
• Why don't we ride zebras? Ilihifadhiwa 13 Julai 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine. an online children's film about animal domestication
• Isidro A. T. Savillo and Villaluz, Elizabeth A. 2013 this introduces a proposed Domesticity Scale for Wild Birds Ilihifadhiwa 28 Novemba 2014 kwenye Wayback Machine.