Kinanda cha filimbi

Kinanda cha filimbi (ing. pipe organ) ni ala ya muziki inayotoa sauti kwa njia ya kupuliza hewa kupitia filimbi zinazochaguliwa kwa njia ya kupiga vibao vya kinanda kwa vidole vya mkono au -kwenye kinanda cha filimbi kikubwa zaida- pia kwa miguu.

Kinanda cha filimbi huko Kanisa la Moravian Mamre, Afrika Kusini

Carol Williams akipiga kwenye kinanda kikubwa cha filimbi kwenye kanisa la Chuo cha Kijeshi cha Westpoint, Marekani

Filimbi hupangwa kwa safu zenye sauti za kufanana. Kwa kawaida kinanda cha filimbi huwa na safu kadhaa za filimbi kama ni kikubwa hata makumi. Kila filimbi kwenye safu yake ina kiimbo chake. Mpiga kinanda anaweza kuunganisha safu mbalimbali na kwa kupiga kibao kinacholingana na kiimbo fulani kiimbo hiki kinatolewa kwenye sauti mbalimbali kwa wakati mojs.

Asili ya mwendo wa hewa ilikuwa viriba vilivyokanagwa na msaidizi, siku hizi kuna injini ya umeme inayosukuma hewa katika kinanda. Kwa kupiga kibao valvu inafunguliwa inayopeleka hewa kwa filimbi za safu zilizochaguliwa na mwanamuziki.

Kinanda sahili huwa na seti moja ya vibao, mara nyingi pamoja na seti ya ziadi kwa matumizi ya miguu. Vinanda vikubwa zaidi huwa na seti hadi nne za mikono na viwili vya miguu pamoja na safu nyingi za filimbi.

Taarifa za kwanza kuhusu matumizi ya vinanda zilihifadhifa kati ya Wagiriki wa Kale na baadaye na Waroma. Tangu karne ya 8 BK kunataarifa ya kwanza kuhusu vinanda katika makanisa. Ala hii iliendelea kuboreshwa polepole katika mwendo wa karne nyingi hasa katika Ulaya ya Magharibi na Kati. Tangu karne ya 18 ala hizo zilikomaa na muziki iliyoandikwa wakati ule inatumiwa hadi leo.

Marejeo

• The Pipe Organ, a basic overview of the organ
• The Organ, quarterly UK publication about pipe organs
• ellykooiman.com, pipe organ website with information and detailed photos of various organs
• Sonderlund, Sandra. "A Young Person's Guide to the Pipe Organ". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2013-12-20.
• Flue Pipe Acoustics, a scholarly description of flue pipe physics
• Organ transcriptions and the Late Romantic Period
• Organs and Organists Ilihifadhiwa 15 Mei 2014 kwenye Wayback Machine., a repository of information on significant organs and organ builders
• Orgelgalerie, a gallery of over 2000 pipe organ pictures from many different countries
• Encyclopedia of Organ Stops, a comprehensive database of over 2500 stops with descriptions, pictures, and sound clips
• An introductory site to the organ Ilihifadhiwa 20 Mei 2016 kwenye Wayback Machine. particularly this Glossary Ilihifadhiwa 4 Machi 2016 kwenye Wayback Machine. of Organ Terms

Mkusanyo wa data

• International Organ Foundation Ilihifadhiwa 17 Julai 2018 kwenye Wayback Machine., an online pipe organ database with specifications of more than 10,000 organs in 95 countries
• Organ Historical Society Pipe Organ Database
• The Top 20 - The World's Largest Pipe Organs Ilihifadhiwa 13 Oktoba 2018 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• National Pipe Organ Register, featuring history and specifications of 28,000 pipe organs in the United Kingdom
• Die Orgelseite, photos and specifications of some of the world's most interesting organs (subscription required for some content)
• Organ Database, stoplists, pictures and information about some 33,500 pipe organs around the world
• The New York City Organ Project Ilihifadhiwa 20 Aprili 2018 kwenye Wayback Machine. documents organs present and past in the five boroughs of New York City
• Musiconis Database, an online database of medieval musical iconography (featuring images of medieval organs)

Video za vinanda vya filimbi

• "TourBus to the King of Instruments" – video series with Carol Williams (organist) about the large & small, famous & unique pipe organs of the world. American Video & Audio Production Company
• "The Joy of Music" – television series with Diane Bish about large pipe organs in USA and in Europe.