Mgodi wa makaa mawe wa Carmichael
Mgodi wa makaa ya mawe wa Carmichael ni mgodi unaopatikana huko Queensland, Australia ambao ulizalisha shehena yake ya kwanza ya makaa mawe mnamo Desemba 2021. [1]
Mgodi huo ulikosolewa kwa athari zake za kimazingira kwenye Mwamba mkubwa wa kizuizi, matumizi ya maji na utoaji wa hewa chafu kupitia makaa. [2] Masuala mengine yenye utata ni faida zake za kiuchumi zinazodaiwa, [3] uwezekano wa kifedha na matumizi ya ufadhili wa walipa kodi.
Awali mgodi huo ulipangwa kuzalisha tani milioni 60 za makaa mawe kwa mwaka, hata hivyo ugumu wa ufadhili ulisababisha kupungua kwa mgodi uliopangwa kuzalisha tani milioni 10 kwa mwaka. [4] [5] [6] Makaa ya joto yanayozalishwa na mgodi yanatabiriwa kuwa na majivu 11% na kuwa na thamani ya wastani ya 5,000-5,500 kcal/kg. [7] Makaa ya mawe yamepangwa kusafirishwa kwa reli (pamoja na njia ya reli ya Goonyella ) hadi bandari za Hay Point na Abbot Point . [8]
Marejeo hariri
- ↑ "Opponents fume as Adani celebrates first coal export from Carmichael Mine". ABC News (kwa en-AU). 29 December 2021. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 September 2022. Check date values in:
|date=, |accessdate=(help) - ↑ Template error: argument title is required.
- ↑ Molyneaux, L.; Wagner, L.; Foster, J. (April 2016). "Rural electrification in India: Galilee Basin coal versus decentralised renewable energy micro grids". Renewable Energy 89: 422–436. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.12.002. Unknown parameter
|hdl-access=ignored (help); Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ "Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project: Project Overview". Completed EIS projects. Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning. 9 July 2014. Ilihifadhi kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 18 March 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 August 2014. Check date values in:
|date=, |archivedate=, |accessdate=(help) - ↑ "Carmichael Mine | Bravus Mining & Resources". Carmichael Mine | Bravus Mining & Resources (kwa Kiingereza). Ilihifadhi kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2022-03-25. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-10-10.
- ↑ "Adani's new mini version of its mega mine still faces some big hurdles". 3 December 2018. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ "Mineral Resources (Galilee Basin) Amendment Bill 2018". 56th Parliament, State Development, Natural Resources and Agricultural Industry Development Committee. Report No. 26: 7. April 2019. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ "Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project". Adani Mining. Ilihifadhi kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 14 August 2014. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 August 2014. Check date values in:
|archivedate=, |accessdate=(help)