Mtumiaji:Lucas559/Kijiwe cha nyongo
| Lucas559/Kijiwe cha nyongo | |
|---|---|
| Mwainisho na taarifa za nje | |
 | |
| Matamshi |
|
| Kundi Maalumu | General surgery |
| Dalili | None, crampy pain in the right upper abdomen[1][2][3] |
| Miaka ya kawaida inapoanza | After 40 years old[1] |
| Sababu za hatari | Birth control pills, pregnancy, family history, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, rapid weight loss[1] |
| Njia ya kuitambua hali hii | Based on symptoms, confirmed by ultrasound[1][3] |
| Kinga | Healthy weight, diet high in fiber, diet low in simple carbohydrates[1] |
| Matibabu | Asymptomatic: none[1] Pain: surgery[1] |
| Utabiri wa kutokea kwake | Good after surgery[1] |
| Idadi ya utokeaji wake | 10–15% of adults (developed world)[3] |
Gallstone ni jiwe linaloundwa ndani ya gallbladder kutoka kwa vipengele vya bile . [1] Neno cholelithiasis linaweza kumaanisha uwepo wa vijiwe vya nyongo au ugonjwa wowote unaosababishwa na vijiwe. [4] Watu wengi walio na vijiwe vya nyongo (karibu 80%) hawana dalili. [1] [2] Hata hivyo, kama gallstone huzuia mrija wa nyongo, maumivu yanayofanana na mshipa katika sehemu ya juu ya kulia ya tumbo, yanayojulikana kama biliary colic (shambulio la nyongo) yanaweza kutokea. [3] Hii hutokea katika 1-4% ya wale walio na gallstones kila mwaka. [3] Matatizo ya vijiwe yanaweza kujumuisha kuvimba kwa kibofu ( cholecystitis ), kuvimba kwa kongosho ( kongosho ), homa ya manjano, na maambukizi ya njia ya nyongo ( cholangitis ). [3] [5] Dalili za matatizo haya zinaweza kujumuisha maumivu ya muda wa zaidi ya saa tano, homa, ngozi ya manjano, kutapika, mkojo mweusi, na kinyesi kilichopauka. [1]
Sababu za hatari kwa mawe ya nyongo ni pamoja na tembe za kudhibiti uzazi, ujauzito, historia ya familia ya mawe kwenye nyongo, kunenepa kupita kiasi, kisukari, ugonjwa wa ini, au kupoteza uzito haraka. [1] Vijenzi vya nyongo vinavyounda vijiwe vya nyongo ni pamoja na kolesteroli, chumvi ya nyongo na bilirubini . [1] Mawe ya nyongo yanayotengenezwa hasa kutokana na kolesteroli huitwa mawe ya kolesteroli, na yale hasa kutoka kwa bilirubini huitwa mawe ya rangi . [1] [2] Vijiwe vya nyongo vinaweza kushukiwa kulingana na dalili. [3] Utambuzi basi kawaida huthibitishwa na ultrasound . [1] Matatizo yanaweza kugunduliwa kwenye vipimo vya damu. [1]
Hatari ya mawe kwenye nyongo inaweza kupunguzwa kwa kudumisha uzito wa kiafya na mazoezi na lishe yenye afya . [1] Ikiwa hakuna dalili, matibabu kawaida haihitajiki. [1] Kwa wale ambao wana mashambulizi ya gallbladder, upasuaji wa kuondoa gallbladder hupendekezwa. [1] Hii inaweza kufanywa kupitia chale kadhaa ndogo au kwa mkato mmoja mkubwa, kwa kawaida chini ya anesthesia ya jumla . [1] Katika matukio machache wakati upasuaji hauwezekani, dawa inaweza kutumika kufuta mawe au lithotripsy ili kuzivunja. [6]
Katika nchi zilizoendelea, 10-15% ya watu wazima wana vijiwe vya nyongo. [3] Viwango katika sehemu nyingi za Afrika, hata hivyo, ni chini kama 3%. [7] Magonjwa yanayohusiana na kibofu cha nyongo na biliary yalitokea kwa takriban watu milioni 104 (1.6% ya watu) mnamo 2013 na kusababisha vifo 106,000. [8] [9] Wanawake huwa na mawe zaidi kuliko wanaume na hutokea mara nyingi zaidi baada ya umri wa miaka 40. [1] Makabila fulani yana mawe mara nyingi zaidi kuliko mengine. [1] Kwa mfano, 48% ya Wamarekani Wenyeji wana vijiwe vya nyongo. [1] Mara tu kibofu cha nduru kinapoondolewa, matokeo kwa ujumla ni mazuri. [1]
Marejeleo
hariri- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 "Gallstones". NIDDK. Novemba 2013. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 28 Julai 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 27 Julai 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid<ref>tag; name "NIH2013" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lee, JY; Keane, MG; Pereira, S (Juni 2015). "Diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease". The Practitioner. 259 (1783): 15–9, 2. PMID 26455113.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Lee2015" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Ansaloni, L (2016). "2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis". World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES. 11: 25. doi:10.1186/s13017-016-0082-5. PMC 4908702. PMID 27307785.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid<ref>tag; name "WS2016" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Internal Clinical Guidelines Team (Oktoba 2014). "Gallstone Disease: Diagnosis and Management of Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis. Clinical Guideline 188". Gallstone Disease: Diagnosis and Management of Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis: 101. PMID 25473723.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Complications". nhs.uk. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 14 Mei 2018. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Mei 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Treatment for Gallstones". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Novemba 2017. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2018-04-23. Iliwekwa mnamo 2018-06-06.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ editors, Ronnie A. Rosenthal, Michael E. Zenilman, Mark R. Katlic (2011). Principles and practice of geriatric surgery (tol. la 2nd). Berlin: Springer. uk. 944. ISBN 9781441969996. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-08-15.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Collaborators (22 Agosti 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
{{cite journal}}:|first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (10 Januari 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
{{cite journal}}:|first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
[[Category:Magonjwa]]