Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin ni antibiotiki inayotumika kutibu magonjwa kadhaa yanayotokana na bakteria.[1] Haya ni pamoja na maambukizi ya sikio la kati, uvimbe wa koromeo usababishwao na streptokoki, nimonia, maambukizi ya ngozi, na maambukizi ya mfumo wa mkojo miongoni mwa mengine.[2][1] Inachukuliwa kwa mdomo, au chini ya kawaida kwa sindano.[1][3]
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| Pronunciation | /əˌmɒksɪˈsɪlɪn/ |
| Trade names | Hundreds of names |
| Synonyms | Amoxycillin, amox, amoxycillin (AAN AU) |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a685001 |
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| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration |
By mouth, intravenous |
| Drug class | β-lactam antibiotic |
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| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 95% by mouth |
| Metabolism | less than 30% biotransformed in liver |
| Elimination half-life | 61.3 minutes |
| Excretion | Kidneys |
| Identifiers | |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H19N3O5S |
| Molar mass | 365.40 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Density | 1.6±0.1 g/cm3 |
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Madhara ya kawaida ni pamoja na kichefuchefu na upele.[1] Inaweza pia kuongeza hatari ya maambukizo ya chachu na, ikitumiwa pamoja na asidi ya clavulanic inasababisha kuhara.[4] Haipaswi kutumiwa kwa wale ambao wana mzio wa penicillin.[1] Ingawa inaweza kutumika kwa wale walio na matatizo ya figo, lakini dozi inahitajika kupunguzwa.[1] Matumizi yake katika ujauzito na kunyonyesha hayaonekani kuwa na madhara.[1] Amoksilini iko katika familia ya antibiotiki ya beta-lactam.[1]
Amoksilini iligunduliwa mwaka wa 1958 na kuanza kutumika katika matibabu mwaka wa 1972.[5][6] Iko kwenye Orodha ya Dawa Muhimu ya Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni.[7] Amoksilini ni moja ya dawa za antibiotiki zinazotolewa kwa watoto mara kwa mara.[8] Amoksilini inapatikana kama dawa ya kawaida na ni ya bei nafuu.[1] Mnamo mwaka wa 2017, ilikuwa dawa ya 18 inayoagizwa zaidi nchini Marekani, ikiwa na maagizo zaidi ya milioni 27.[9][10]
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Amoxicillin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 5 Septemba 2015. Iliwekwa mnamo 1 Agosti 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)"Amoxicillin". - ↑ Ritter, James M.; Flower, Rod; Henderson, Graeme; Loke, Yoon Kong; Robinson, Emma; Fullerton, James (2024). "52. Antibacterial drugs". Rang & Dale's Pharmacology (kwa English) (tol. la 10th). Elsevier. uk. 707. ISBN 978-0-7020-7448-6. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2024-02-10. Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-01-30.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "Amoxicillin Sodium for Injection". EMC. 10 Februari 2016. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 27 Oktoba 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Oktoba 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Gillies, M; Ranakusuma, A; Hoffmann, T; Thorning, S; McGuire, T; Glasziou, P; Del Mar, C (17 Novemba 2014). "Common harms from amoxicillin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials for any indication". CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal. 187 (1): E21–31. doi:10.1503/cmaj.140848. PMC 4284189. PMID 25404399.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery (kwa Kiingereza). John Wiley & Sons. uk. 490. ISBN 9783527607495. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2017-09-08.
- ↑ Roy, Jiben (2012). An introduction to pharmaceutical sciences production, chemistry, techniques and technology. Cambridge: Woodhead Pub. uk. 239. ISBN 9781908818041. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2017-09-08.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ↑ Kelly, Deirdre (2008). Diseases of the liver and biliary system in children (tol. la 3). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. uk. 217. ISBN 9781444300543. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2017-09-08.
- ↑ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 18 Machi 2020. Iliwekwa mnamo 11 Aprili 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Amoxicillin Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 1 Desemba 1981. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 11 Aprili 2020. Iliwekwa mnamo 11 Aprili 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)