C (lugha ya programu)
C ni lugha ya programu. Iliundwa na Dennis Ritchie na ilianzishwa tarehe 1 Januari 1972. Iliundwa ili kuumba mifumo ya uendeshaji. Leo tunatumia C 18. Ilivutwa na FORTRAN.
| C | |
|---|---|
| |
| Shina la studio | namna : namna ya utaratibu |
| Imeanzishwa | Januari 1 1972 |
| Mwanzilishi | Dennis Ritchie |
| Ilivyo sasa | Ilivutwa na: B (BCPL, CPL), ALGOL 68, Assembly, PL/I, FORTRAN
Ilivuta: AMPL, AWK, csh, C++, C--, C#, Objective-C, D, Go, Java, JavaScript, Julia, Limbo, LPC, Perl, PHP, Pike, Processing, Python, Ring, Rust, Seed7, Vala, Verilog (HDL), Nim |
| Mahala | Dennis Ritchie & Bell Labs; ANSI X3J11 (ANSI C); ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG14 (ISO C) |
| Tovuti | https://www.learn-c.org |
Inaitwa C kwa sababu ni mageuzi ya B, lugha ya programu nyingine.
Historia
haririIlianzishwa 1 Januari 1972 nchini Marekani. Lakini Dennis Ritchie alianza kufanya kazi kuhusu C mwaka wa 1970.
Falsafa
haririNamna ya C ni namna ya utaratibu kinyume cha lugha za programu nyingi.
Sintaksia
haririSintaksia ya C ni ngumu sana kinyume cha lugha za programu nyingine kama JavaScript, Python au Ruby. Ilivutwa na sintaksia ya B, lugha ya programu nyingine.
Mifano ya C
haririProgramu kwa kuchapa « Jambo ulimwengu !».
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("Jambo ulimwengu !\n");
}
Programu kwa kutafuta factoria ya namba moja.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, i;
unsigned long long fact = 1;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// shows error if the user enters a negative integer
if (n < 0)
printf("Error! Factorial of a negative number doesn't exist.");
else {
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
fact *= i;
}
printf("Factorial of %d = %llu", n, fact);
}
return 0;
}
Marejeo
hariri- Ritchie, Dennis M. (1993). The Development of the C Language. The Second ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages Conference (HOPL-II). Cambridge, MA, USA — April 20–23, 1993: ACM. pp. 201–208. doi:10.1145/154766.155580. ISBN 0-89791-570-4. Retrieved 2014-11-04.
- Kernighan, Brian; Ritchie, Dennis (1988). The C Programming Language (2 ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0131103627. (archive)
- Plauger, P.J. (1992). The Standard C Library (1 ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0131315099. (source)
- Banahan, M.; Brady, D.; Doran, M. (1991). The C Book: Featuring the ANSI C Standard (2 ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0201544336. (archive)
- Harbison, Samuel; Steele Jr, Guy (2002). C: A Reference Manual (5 ed.). Pearson. ISBN 978-0130895929. (archive)
- King, K.N. (2008). C Programming: A Modern Approach (2 ed.). W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0393979503. (archive)
- Perry, Greg; Miller, Dean (2013). C Programming: Absolute Beginner's Guide (3 ed.). Que. ISBN 978-0789751980.