Uraia
Uraia ni hali ya mtu kutambulika chini ya sheria kama mwananchi mwenye haki zote katika nchi fulani. Mtu huyohuyo pengine anaweza kuwa raia wa nchi zaidi ya moja. Hata hivyo kuna watu wasio na uraia wa nchi yoyote.
Mtu anapata uraia kufuatana na sheria za nchi husika. Kwa kawaida ni kwa sababu wazazi wake ni raia wa nchi hiyo naye amezaliwa nchini humo. Lakini si hivyo kila mara, kwa sababu anaweza kuwa na wazazi raia wa nchi tofauti, au anaweza kuzaliwa nje ya nchi yao. Pengine wazazi wenyewe hawakuzaliwa katika nchi ambayo wana uraia wake.
Sheria zinaweza kukubali uraia kwa msingi wa:
- uraia wa wazazi wote au mmojawapo
- kuzaliwa nchini
- kuoana na raia
- kuandikishwa baada ya kuishi nchini muda mrefu
Mara chache sheria inazuia watu kupewa uraia kwa msingi wa dini n.k.
Marejeo
hariri- Archibugi, Daniele (2008). The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2976-7.
- Beaven, Brad, and John Griffiths. "Creating the Exemplary Citizen: The Changing Notion of Citizenship in Britain 1870–1939," Contemporary British History (2008) 22#2 pp 203–225
- Carens, Joseph (2000). Culture, Citizenship, and Community: A Contextual Exploration of Justice as Evenhandedness. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829768-0.
- Heater, Derek (2004). A Brief History of Citizenship. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-3672-2.
- Kymlicka, Will (1995). Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829091-9.
- Maas, Willem (2007). Creating European Citizens. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-5486-3.
- Marshall, T.H. (1950). Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays. Cambridge University Press.
- Shue, Henry (1950). Basic Rights.
- Smith, Rogers (2003). Stories of Peoplehood: The Politics and Morals of Political Membership. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52003-4.
- Somers, Margaret (2008). Genealogies of Citizenship: Markets, Statelessness, and the Right to Have Rights. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79394-0.
- Soysal, Yasemin (1994). Limits of Citizenship. Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe. University of Chicago Press.
- Turner, Bryan S. (1994). Citizenship and Social Theory. Sage. ISBN 978-0-8039-8611-4.
- Young, Iris Marion (Januari 1989). "Polity and group difference: A critique of the ideal of universal citizenship". Ethics (journal). 99 (2). University of Chicago Press: 250–274. JSTOR 2381434.
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Viungo vya nje
hariri- BBC PSHE & Citizenship Ilihifadhiwa 19 Juni 2016 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- The Life in the UK Citizenship Test Report by Thom Brooks
- "Citizenship Laws of the World" (PDF). United States Office of Personnel Management Investigations Service. Machi 2001. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (pdf) mnamo 2006-04-04. Iliwekwa mnamo 2007-03-07.
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