Uvimbe wa kidole tumbo
Uvimbe wa kidole tumbo (kwa Kiingereza: Appendicitis) ni kuvimba kwa kidole tumbo.[1] Dalili zake za kawaida ni pamoja na maumivu ya chini ya tumbo upande wa kulia, kichefuchefu, kutapika na kupungua kwa hamu ya kula.[1] Walakini, takriban 40% ya watu hawana dalili hizi za kawaida.[1] Matatizo makubwa ya kiambatisho kilichopasuka ni pamoja na kuenea, kuvimba kwa uchungu kwa kitambaa cha ndani cha ukuta wa tumbo na sumu ya damu (sepsis).[8]
| Uvimbe wa kidole tumbo | |
|---|---|
| Mwainisho na taarifa za nje | |
| Faili:Uvimbe wa kidole tumbo mkali (acute appendicitis).jpg | |
| Kundi Maalumu | Upasuaji wa jumla |
| Dalili | Chini kulia maumivu ya tumbo, kutapika, kupungua kwa hamu ya kula[1] |
| Njia ya kuitambua hali hii | Kulingana na dalili, picha za kimatibabu, vipimo vya damu[2] |
| Utambuzi tofauti | Mesenteric adenitis, cholecystitis, jipu la psoas, magonjwa ya kifuko la aorta ya tumbo[3] |
| Matibabu | Kuondolewa kwa kiambatisho kwa upasuaji, antibiotiki[4][5] |
| Idadi ya utokeaji wake | Milioni 11.6 (2015)[6] |
| Vifo | 50,100 (2015)[7] |
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Uvimbe wa kidole tumbo husababishwa na kuziba kwa sehemu yenye shimo ya kiambatisho.[9] Hii kwa kawaida hutokana na "jiwe" linalojumuisha kinyesi lililojaa madini.[4] Tishu za limfoidi zilizovimba kutokana na maambukizi ya virusi, vimelea, jiwe la nyongo, au uvimbe pia vinaweza kusababisha kuziba.[4] Uzuiaji huu husababisha kuongezeka kwa shinikizo kwenye kiambatisho, kupungua kwa mtiririko wa damu kwenye tishu za kiambatisho, na ukuaji wa bakteria ndani ya kiambatisho na kusababisha kuvimba.[4][10] Mchanganyiko wa kuvimba, kupungua kwa mtiririko wa damu kwenye kiambatisho na kuenea kwa kiambatisho husababisha kuumia kwa tishu na kifo cha tishu.[11] Ikiwa mchakato huu haujatibiwa, kiambatisho kinaweza kupasuka, kikitoa bakteria kwenye utupu wa tumbo, na kusababisha matatizo yaliyoongezeka.[11][12]
Utambuzi wa uvimbe wa kidole tumbo kwa kiasi kikubwa yanategemea ishara na dalili za mtu.[10] Katika hali ambapo utambuzi hauko wazi, uchunguzi wa karibu, picha ya kimatibabu, na vipimo vya maabara vinaweza kusaidia.[2] Vipimo viwili vya kawaida vya kupima picha vinavyotumiwa ni ultrasound na tomografia ya kompyuta (CT scan).[2] Uchunguzi wa CT umeonyeshwa kuwa sahihi zaidi kuliko ultrasound katika kugundua uvimbe wa kidole tumbo mkali.[13] Hata hivyo, uchunguzi wa ultrasound unaweza kupendekezwa kuwa kipimo cha kwanza cha kupiga picha kwa watoto na wanawake wajawazito kwa sababu ya hatari zinazohusiana na mionzi ya jua kutoka kwa tomografia ya kompyuta (CT scans).[2]
Matibabu ya kawaida ya uvimbe wa kidole tumbo mkali ni kuondolewa kwa kiambatisho kwa upasuaji.[4][10] Hili linaweza kufanywa kwa mkato wazi wa tumbo (laparotomia) au kupitia mikato michache kwa msaada wa kamera (laparoscopy). Upasuaji hupunguza hatari ya madhara au kifo kinachohusiana na kupasuka kwa kiambatisho.[8] Antibiotiki zinaweza kuwa na ufanisi sawa katika matukio fulani ya uvimbe wa kidole tumbo ambayo haijapasuka.[5] Ni moja ya sababu za kawaida na muhimu za maumivu makali ya tumbo ambayo huja haraka. Mwaka wa 2015 takriban visa milioni 11.6 vya ugonjwa wa uvimbe wa kidole tumbo vilitokea ambavyo vilisababisha vifo vipatavyo 50,100.[6][7] Nchini Marekani, uvimbe wa kidole tumbo ndio sababu ya kawaida ya maumivu ya tumbo ya ghafla yanayohitaji upasuaji.[1] Kila mwaka nchini Marekani, zaidi ya watu 300,000 walio na uvimbe wa kidole tumbo huondolewa kwa upasuaji.[14] Reginald Fitz anahesabiwa kuwa mtu wa kwanza kuelezea hali hiyo katika mwaka wa 1886.[15]
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Graffeo CS, Counselman FL (Novemba 1996). "Appendicitis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 14 (4): 653–71. doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70273-x. PMID 8921763.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Paulson EK, Kalady MF, Pappas TN (Januari 2003). "Clinical practice. Suspected appendicitis" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (3): 236–42. doi:10.1056/nejmcp013351. PMID 12529465. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2017-09-22. Iliwekwa mnamo 2017-11-01.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Ferri, Fred F. (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (tol. la 2nd). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. ku. Chapter A. ISBN 978-0323076999.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Longo, Dan L.; na wenz., whr. (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (tol. la 18th). New York: McGraw-Hill. ku. Chapter 300. ISBN 978-0-07174889-6. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 30 Machi 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 6 Novemba 2014.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Lobo DN (Aprili 2012). "Safety and efficacy of antibiotics compared with appendicectomy for treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". BMJ. 344: e2156. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2156. PMC 3320713. PMID 22491789.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (Oktoba 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
{{cite journal}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ 7.0 7.1 GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (Oktoba 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
{{cite journal}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hobler, K. (Spring 1998). "Acute and Suppurative Appendicitis: Disease Duration and its Implications for Quality Improvement" (PDF). Permanente Medical Journal. 2 (2). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2021-03-06. Iliwekwa mnamo 2020-08-01.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Pieper R, Kager L, Tidefeldt U (1982). "Obstruction of appendix vermiformis causing acute appendicitis. An experimental study in the rabbit". Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 148 (1): 63–72. PMID 7136413.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Tintinalli, Judith E., mhr. (2011). Emergency medicine : a comprehensive study guide (tol. la 7th). New York: McGraw-Hill. ku. Chapter 84. ISBN 978-0-07-174467-6. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 22 Desemba 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 6 Novemba 2014.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 Schwartz's principles of surgery (tol. la 9th). New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division. 2010. ku. Chapter 30. ISBN 978-0-07-1547703.
- ↑ Barrett ML, Hines AL, Andrews RM (Julai 2013). "Trends in Rates of Perforated Appendix, 2001–2010" (PDF). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Brief #159. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. PMID 24199256. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2016-10-20.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Shogilev DJ, Duus N, Odom SR, Shapiro NI (Novemba 2014). "Diagnosing appendicitis: evidence-based review of the diagnostic approach in 2014". The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine (Review). 15 (7): 859–71. doi:10.5811/westjem.2014.9.21568. PMC 4251237. PMID 25493136.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Mason RJ (Agosti 2008). "Surgery for appendicitis: is it necessary?". Surgical Infections. 9 (4): 481–8. doi:10.1089/sur.2007.079. PMID 18687030.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Fitz RH (1886). "Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment". American Journal of the Medical Sciences (92): 321–46.