Watwa
Watwa (pia: Batwa, Cwa) ni kundi la wabilikimo wa Afrika ya Kati (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda), lakini pia Zambia, Angola, Namibia na Botswana ambao wanaishi kwa kushirikiana na majirani wao wa makabila ya Kibantu.
Uenezi wa Watwa kadiri ya Hewlett & Fancher. Uenezi wa Watwa kadiri ya Stokes. Uenezi wa Watwa kadiri ya Cavalli-Sforza. Uenezi wa Watwa kadiri ya Blench. |
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Kihistoria inafikiriwa kwamba ndio wakazi asili ya misitu ya eneo hilo kabla ya uvamizi wa wakulima[1][2]
Kwa kiasi kikubwa Watwa wamemezwa na makabila hayo ya Kibantu, kwa mfano katika Tanzania ya leo.
Tanbihi hariri
- ↑ Vansina argues that the original meaning of the (Proto-Bantu) word *twa was "hunter-gatherer, bushpeople", alongside yaka used for the western (Mbuti) pygmies (Bayaka)
- ↑ Vansina, Jan (October 1990). Paths in the rainforests : toward a history of political tradition in equatorial Africa. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-12574-5. Check date values in:
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Marejeo hariri
- Kazadi, Ntole (2011). "Meprises et admires: l'ambivalence des relations entre les Bacwa (Pygmees) et les Bahemba (Bantu)". Africa 51 (04): 836–847. doi:10.2307/1159357. Unknown parameter
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suggested) (help) - Francis, Michael (25 September 2015). "Silencing the past: historical and archaeological colonisation of the Southern San in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa". Anthropology Southern Africa 32 (3-4): 106–116. doi:10.1080/23323256.2009.11499985. Check date values in:
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(help) - Francis, Michael (2011). Downing, John D.H., mhariri. "Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media". SAGE Publications, Inc. uk. 172. doi:10.4135/9781412979313.n83. Iliwekwa mnamo 31 October 2018. Check date values in:
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ignored (help) - Francis, Michael (2007). Tomaselli, Keyan, mhariri. "Explorations in Ethnicity and Social Change among Zulu-speaking San Descendents of the Drakensberg Mountains, KwaZulu-Natal" (PhD thesis). Iliwekwa mnamo 31 October 2018. Check date values in:
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Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya utamaduni bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Watwa kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |