Wikipedia

Alexandrina Cantacuzino

Alexandrina "Didina" Cantacuzino (pia anayefahamika kama Alexandrina Grigore Cantacuzino na Alexandrine Cantacuzène aliyeafsiriwa kwa Kifaransa; 20 Septemba 1876 - 1944) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kisiasa, filanthropi, na mwanadiplomasia wa Romania, ambaye alikuwa miongoni mwa wanaharakati wakuu wa harakati za wanawake katika miaka ya 1920 na 1930. Alikuwa kiongozi wa Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake wa Romania na Chama cha Wanawake wa Romania, na kuwa Makamu Rais wa Baraza la Kimataifa la Wanawake, akiwakilisha Umoja wa Kimataifa wa Wanawake, pamoja na Romania, kwenye Jumuiya ya Mataifa. Hata hivyo, imani yake ya kifeministi[1][2][3][4] na sifa yake ya kimataifa ilitokana na uzalendo wake wa kitaifa, msaada wake kwa eugenics, na hatimaye kujiunga kwake na itikadi ya fasisti.[5][6][7]

Wasifu hariri

Maisha ya Awali

Alexandrina Pallady, ambaye pia alijulikana kama Didina, alizaliwa huko Ciocănești, kijiji kilichopo sasa katika wilaya ya Dâmbovița (lakini, mnamo 1876, bado kilikuwa sehemu ya wilaya ya Ilfov).[8] Tarehe ya kuzaliwa inajulikana kuwa ilikuwa tarehe 20 Septemba 1876,[8] lakini vyanzo vingine kwa makosa credits iwe 1877 au 1881.[9]

Kwa asili alikuwa mwanachama wa tabaka la juu la boyar: baba yake, Luteni Kanali Theodor Pallady (1847 / 1853–1916), aristocrat kutoka eneo la mashariki (na zamani hali) ya Moldavia, alipata heshima katika Vikosi vya Ardhi vya Romania; mama yake, pia anaitwa Alexandrina (1845 / 1848 - 1881), alikuwa boyaress Kretzulescu kutoka Wallachia, na mrithi wa mali kubwa.[10] Kupitia mama yake Pallady, Alexandrina alitoka katika nyumba nyingine ya watoto, akina Ghicas, waliokuwa na nyumba hiyo huko Ciocănești.[11]

Ndoa hiyo ilizaa watoto wanne, lakini Alexandrina alikuwa pekee aliyeishi utoto.[12] Kutoka kwa uhusiano na Maria Stamatiade, Theodor Pallady alikuwa na mtoto, mtunzi wa baadaye wa ki-Symbolist Alexandru Teodor "Al. T." Stamatiad (aliyezaliwa 1885).[13] Familia ya baba yake Alexandrina pia ilitoa takwimu zingine za kiakili muhimu: Theodor Iancu Pallady, mchoraji wa kisasa, na Lucia Sturdza-Bulandra, mwigizaji, walikuwa wapwa wa Lt. Kanali Pallady, na kama binamu za Alexandrina na Al. T. Stamatiad.[14]

Baada ya kifo cha mama yake mnamo 1881, Alexandrina mwenye umri wa miaka mitano alilelewa na shangazi yake, Eliza Ghica, na rasmi alikubaliwa na mumewe Eliza, Vladimir M. Ghica.[15] Kwa pesa za Ghica, alikuwa na uwezo wa kufuata masomo nje ya nchi, nchini Ufaransa. Mnamo 1899 au karibu na hapo,[16] baada ya kifo cha Eliza Ghica,[17] Alexandrina Pallady-Ghica alikuwa anaishi katika mji mkuu wa Romania, Bucharest, ambapo aliolewa na mwanasiasa anayetarajiwa Grigore Gheorghe Cantacuzino - anayejulikana kwa jina la Griguță Cantacuzino au, kwa dhihaka, kama Prensul ("Mwanamfalme").[18] Jina lake kamili baadaye lilikuwa Alexandrina Grigore Cantacuzino (mara nyingi hufupishwa kama Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuzino), na ujumuishaji wa jina la mume wake kama jina la baba.[marejeo yamekosekana]

Ndoa hiyo ilimfanya Cantacuzino kuwa sehemu ya jamii ya juu, pia ikimleta katika mawasiliano na eliti ya Chama cha Conservative. Familia ya Cantacuzino, yenye asili ya Phanariote, ilikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika maswala ya kisiasa ya Moldavia na Wallachia. Mkwe wake alikuwa mwanasheria, mpangaji sera za Conservative na Waziri Mkuu wa zamani Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino (1833-1913). Pia alikuwa mmoja wa wamiliki wakubwa wa mali katika Ufalme wa Romania, inayojulikana kwa umma kama Nababul ("Mwanababu").[19][20] Ndugu yake mkwe alikuwa Mihail G. "Mișu" Cantacuzino (1867-1928), ambaye alikuwa Waziri wa Sheria na kiongozi wa nusu ya ndani ya Chama cha Conservative.[21]

Cantacuzinos ilitangaza madai ya cheo cha mwanamfalme, ambacho, ingawa kimekuwa kisicho na maana chini ya sheria za Romania, iliruhusu Alexandrina kuitwa "Princess Cantacuzino".[22]

Kulingana na mwanahistoria Marian Pruteanu, Alexandrina alikuwa "msindikizaji mpenda mapambo na vyeo", ambaye alisoma nasaba kwa lengo la kuanzisha uhusiano wake wa damu na familia mbalimbali za kifalme.[23] Ishara za utajiri wake wa familia ilijumuisha moja ya magari yaliyomilikiwa na watu binafsi ya kwanza ya Bucharest.[24]

Marejeo hariri

  1. ↑ Ritzer, George; Ryan, J. Michael, wahariri (2011). The concise encyclopedia of sociology. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-8353-6. OCLC 663773385. 
  2. ↑ Honderich, Ted, mhariri (2005). The Oxford companion to philosophy (toleo la 2. ed., new ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926479-7. 
  3. ↑ Hawkesworth, M. E. (2006). Globalization and feminist activism. Globalization. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-3782-8. OCLC ocm62342167. 
  4. ↑ Beasley, Chris (1999). What is feminism? an introduction to feminist theory. London ; Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE. ISBN 978-0-7619-6334-9. OCLC ocm41018494. 
  5. ↑ "POWER 67 the name for a school or movement. With reference to literature and culture, 'postmodernism' is often taken to refer to any work of art which knowingly refers to its own status as a work of art, or which otherwise, from the position as elite art form, jokingly addresses the status of the art object through construction from or reference to popular culture, thereby collapsing distinctions between high and low. However, certain theorists of the postmodern, such as Fredric Jameson, Jean-François Lyotard and Teresa Ebert find the problematic of defining postmodernism a question of its being a product of particular political overdetermina-tions, which serve to produce postmodernism's often appar-ently contradictory meanings, and whereby the postmodern condition is fundamentally misrecognised in aesthetic terms. The meaning or identity of the postmodern is understood, then, as a self-conscious aesthetic component of its constitu-tion, rather than as a political effect of late-twentieth-century global capitalism. There is therefore a shift in definition from the formalist aesthetic radicalism perceived by William Spa-nos, for example, to a more politically or ideologically comprehended aspect to what we call postmodernism. Postmodernity—Term referring to the era, state of being or literary arts associated with postmodernism. Jean-François Lyotard defines postmodernity as being marked by a suspi-cion of grand narratives. The idea of a postmodern era is also one provisionally defined by the advent of tele-technologies, the emergence of globalisation and post-industrial society, and the power of the image and simulacrum within con-sumer culture, where images such as the Coke or Nike logos assume greater significance in themselves than any real product or reality to which they might refer. Power—In the work of Michel Foucault, power constitutes one of the three axes constitutive of subjectification, the other two being ethics and truth. For Foucault, power implies know-ledge, and vice versa. However, power is causal, it is con-stitutive of knowledge, even while knowledge is, concomitantly, constitutive of power: knowledge gives one", Key Concepts in Literary Theory (Routledge), 2016-04-15: 83–94, ISBN 978-1-315-06379-9, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27 
  6. ↑ Kyu-hyung Cho (2010-08). "Nationalism as a Political Ethics: Nation and Individual Desire". English & American Cultural Studies 10 (2): 267–289. ISSN 1598-5431. doi:10.15839/eacs.10.2.201008.267.  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ↑ Keene, Ann T. (2006-03), "Underhill, Ruth Murray (22 August 1884–15 August 1984), anthropologist", American National Biography Online (Oxford University Press), iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27  Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Japan", Trade Profiles 2006 (WTO), 2006-11-24: 89–89, ISBN 978-92-870-4482-2, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27 
  9. ↑ Raiu, Sergiu-Lucian (2022-06-30). "Social realities and public policies in Romania. Romanian Academy Publishing House, Bucharest, 2021. Cristina Otovescu". Sociologie Romaneasca 20 (1): 151–160. ISSN 2668-1455. doi:10.33788//sr.20.1.8. 
  10. ↑ "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol (PG) Dicaprylate, PG Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, PG Dicocoate, PG Dipelargonate, PG Isostearate, PG Laurate, PG Myristate, PG Oleate, PG Oleate SE, PG Dioleate, PG Dicaprate, PG Diisostearate, and PG Dilaurate". International Journal of Toxicology 18 (4): 35–52. 1999-08-01. ISSN 1091-5818. doi:10.1080/109158199225341. 
  11. ↑ "Figure 4. Vg1 secretion requires Nodal.". dx.doi.org. Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27. 
  12. ↑ "Japan", Trade Profiles 2006 (WTO), 2006-11-24: 89–89, ISBN 978-92-870-4482-2, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27 
  13. ↑ Reale, Sophie; Turner, Rebecca R.; Sutton, Eileen; Steed, Liz; Taylor, Stephanie J. C.; Morrissey, Dylan; Doherty, Patrick; Greenfield, Diana M.; Collinson, Michelle (2021-06-14). "Embedding supervised exercise training for men on androgen deprivation therapy into standard prostate cancer care: a feasibility and acceptability study (the STAMINA trial)". Scientific Reports 11 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91876-y. 
  14. ↑ Ovidiu Bîrlea. "Călinescu, Georg". Enzyklopädie des Märchens Online. Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27. 
  15. ↑ "Figure 4. Vg1 secretion requires Nodal.". dx.doi.org. Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27. 
  16. ↑ "Japan", Trade Profiles 2006 (WTO), 2006-11-24: 89–89, ISBN 978-92-870-4482-2, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27 
  17. ↑ Lei, Ming; Salvage, Samantha C.; Jackson, Antony P.; Huang, Christopher L.-H. (2024-03-04). "Cardiac arrhythmogenesis: roles of ion channels and their functional modification". Frontiers in Physiology 15. ISSN 1664-042X. doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1342761. 
  18. ↑ Subotić, Milovan; Cioculescu, Șerban, wahariri (2023). Strategic Intersections. Belgrade ; Bucharest: University of Defence, Strategic Research Institute ; Institute for Political Studies of Defense ; Military History. ISBN 978-86-81121-32-0. 
  19. ↑ "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol (PG) Dicaprylate, PG Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, PG Dicocoate, PG Dipelargonate, PG Isostearate, PG Laurate, PG Myristate, PG Oleate, PG Oleate SE, PG Dioleate, PG Dicaprate, PG Diisostearate, and PG Dilaurate". International Journal of Toxicology 18 (4): 35–52. 1999-08-01. ISSN 1091-5818. doi:10.1080/109158199225341. 
  20. ↑ Alexandrescu, Viorel; Lazăr, Mihaela; Racu, Irina; Nistor, Mihaela; Alexandrescu, Dana (2023-12-31). "Flu vaccinations in Romania and Influenza vaccines in current use and Influenza vaccines in development - In Extenso". Romanian Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice 16 (S): 31–34. ISSN 2066-5563. doi:10.37897/rjphp.2023.s.3. 
  21. ↑ "138. Aufforderung zur Höchstpreisüberschreitung", Reichsgerichts-Entscheidungen in kurzen Auszügen / Strafsachen Band 50 (De Gruyter), 1920-12-31: 133–134, ISBN 978-3-11-260868-5, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27 
  22. ↑ Cheşchebec, Roxana (2006-01-10), "Princess Alexandrina Cantacuzino", A Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms (Central European University Press): 89–94, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-27 
  23. ↑ Raiu, Sergiu-Lucian (2022-06-30). "Social realities and public policies in Romania. Romanian Academy Publishing House, Bucharest, 2021. Cristina Otovescu". Sociologie Romaneasca 20 (1): 151–160. ISSN 2668-1455. doi:10.33788//sr.20.1.8. 
  24. ↑ Shi, Rui (2022-09-30). "GSAIC: GeoScience Articles Illustration and Caption Dataset". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 9: 289–297. ISSN 2791-0210. doi:10.54097/hset.v9i.1858. 
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