Kanaani
Kanaani ni jina la zamani la eneo la Mashariki ya Kati ambalo siku hizi limegawanyika katika nchi za Israeli na Palestina, Lebanoni na sehemu za Magharibi za Jordan na Sirya.
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Katika Biblia jina hilo (kwa Kiebrania כנען, knaʿn) linatumika zaidi kumaanisha sehemu ile tu ambayo ilitekwa na Waisraeli na kuitwa Israeli. Sehemu hiyohiyo baadaye tena ilikuja kuitwa pia Palestina, yaani nchi ya Wafilisti.
Baada ya mataifa hayo mawili kuteka sehemu kubwa upande wa Kusini kuanzia karne ya 13 KK, ile ya Kaskazini zaidi iliyobaki chini ya wakazi asili ilikuja kuitwa pia Foinike.
Katika eneo hilo kati ya Mesopotamia na Misri kuanzia milenia ya 4 KK ulistawi ustaarabu muhimu wa Kisemiti ambao, kati ya michango mingine, ni asili ya alfabeti.
Habari nyingi kuhusu ustaarabu huu zimejulikana hasa kwa njia ya akiolojia.
Tanbihi
haririMarejeo
hariri- Bishop Moore, Megan; Kelle, Brad E. (2011). Biblical History and Israel's Past: The Changing Study of the Bible and History. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802862600.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Day, John (2002). Yahweh and the gods and goddesses of Canaan. Continuum. ISBN 9780826468307.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Coogan, Michael D. (1978). Stories from Ancient Canaan. Westminster Press. ISBN 0-8061-3108-X.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Finkelstein, Israel (1996). "Towards a new periodization and nomenclature of the archaeology of the southern Levant". Katika Cooper, Jerrold S.; Schwartz, Glenn M. (whr.). The study of the ancient Near East in the twenty-first century. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9780931464966.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Golden, Jonathan M. (2009). Ancient Canaan and Israel: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195379853.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Killebrew, Ann E. (2005). Biblical peoples and ethnicity. SBL. ISBN 9781589830974.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Na'aman, Nadav (2005). Canaan in the 2nd millennium B.C.E. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575061139.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Lemche, Niels-Peter (1991). The Canaanites and their land: the tradition of the Canaanites. Continuum. ISBN 9780567451118.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Noll, K.L. (2001). Canaan and Israel in antiquity: an introduction. Continuum. ISBN 9781841273181.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Smith, Mark S. (2002). The early history of God. Eerdmans.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Tubb, Jonathan N. (1998). Canaanites. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3108-X.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Viungo vya nje
hariri- Canaan & Ancient Israel, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Explores their identities (land-time, daily life, economy & religion) in pre-historical times through the material remains that they have left behind.
- Catholic Encyclopedia.
- Antiquities of the Jews Archived 24 Septemba 2015 at the Wayback Machine. by Flavius Josephus.
- When Canaanites and Philistines Ruled Ashkelon Archived 19 Mei 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Biblical Archaeology Society
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