Popo-matunda

Popo-matunda
Popo mwekundu (Rousettus aegyptiacus)
Uainishaji wa kisayansi
Himaya: Animalia (Wanyama) Faila: Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) Ngeli: Mammalia (Wanyama wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao) Ngeli ya chini: Eutheria Oda: Chiroptera (Popo) Nusuoda: Yinpterochiroptera Familia ya juu: Pteropodoidea (Popo-matunda) Familia: Pteropodidae Gray, 1821
Ngazi za chini
Nusufamilia 6: Cynopterinae Andersen, 1912 Eidolinae Almeida, Giannini & Simmons, 2016 Harpiyonycterinae Almeida, Giannini & Simmons, 2016 Nyctimeninae Miller, 1907 Pteropodinae Gray, 1821 Rousettinae Andersen, 1912

Popo-matunda ni aina za popo wanaokula matunda hasa. Kibiolojia ni mamalia wa familia ya juu Pteropodoidea katika oda Chiroptera, wanaofanana na panya au mbwa wadogo wenye mabawa. Kwa kawaida spishi hizi ni kubwa kuliko zile za popo-wadudu (oda Yangochiroptera na familia ya juu Rhinolophoidea) lakini kuna spishi zilizo ndogo kulika spishi fulani za popo-wadudu. Yumkini spishi kubwa kabisa ni popo-mbweha wa Uhindi aliye na uzito wa kg 1.6, urefu wa mwili wa sm 40 na urefu wa mabawa wa hadi m 1.5. Mabawa ya popo-mbweha mkubwa yana urefu wa hadi m 1.6. Spishi ndogo kabisa ni popo-matunda mabawa-madoa aliye na uzito wa g 15 na urefu wa mwili wa sm 5-6. Popo-matunda hula matunda au mbochi. Wale wanaokula matunda husambaza spishi za miti na wale wanaokula mbochi huchavusha maua. Kama popo wote hata popo-matunda hukiakia usiko na hulala mchana. Wakilala wananing'inia juu chini na kujifunika kwa mabawa. Takriban spishi zote hulala mitini, lakini spishi kadhaa hulala ndani ya mapango.

Utambuaji kwa mwangwi

Kinyume na popo-wadudu, popo-matunda hawatoi sauti za marudio ya juu wakitumia kikoromeo chao ili kutambua mazingira na kutafuta chakula kwa kusikiliza miangwi ya sauti hizi, ijapokuwa spishi kadhaa za jenasi Rousettus zinaweza kupiga vidoko kwa ulimi wao. Spishi nyingine hutoa mialiko kwa mabawa yao.

Spishi za Afrika

• Casinycteris argynnis, Popo-matunda Pua-fupi (Short-palated fruit bat)
• Casinycteris campomaanensis, Popo-matunda wa Campo-Ma'an (Campo-Ma'an fruit bat)
• Casinycteris ophiodon, Popo-matunda wa Pohle (Pohle's fruit bat)
• Eidolon dupreanum, Popo-matunda wa Madagaska (Madagascan fruit bat)
• Eidolon helvum, Popo-matunda Njano (Straw-coloured fruit bat)
• Epomophorus angolensis, Popo-purendi wa Angola Angolan epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomophorus anselli, Popo-purendi wa Ansell (Ansell's epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomophorus crypturus, Popo-purendi wa Peters (Peters's epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomophorus dobsonii, Popo-purendi wa Dobson (Dobson's epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomophorus gambianus, Popo-purendi wa Gambia (Gambian epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomophorus grandis, Popo-purendi Mdogo wa Angola (Lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomophorus labiatus, Popo-purendi Habeshi (Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomophorus minimus, Popo-purendi Mashariki (East African epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomophorus minor, Popo-purendi Mdogo (Minor epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomophorus wahlbergi, Popo-purendi wa Wahlberg (Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomops buettikoferi, Popo-purendi wa Büttikofer (Büttikofer's epauletted fruit bat)
• Epomops franqueti, Popo-purendi wa Franquet (Franquet's epauletted fruit bat)
• Hypsignathus monstrosus, Popo-matunda Kichwa-nyundo (Hammer-headed bat)
• Lissonycteris angolensis, Popo-matunda wa Angola (Angolan rousette)
• Megaloglossus azagnyi, Popo-mbochi wa Azagny (Azagny fruit bat)
• Megaloglossus woermanni, Popo-mbochi wa Woermann (Woermann's bat)
• Micropteropus intermedius, Popo-purendi Mdogo wa Hayman (Hayman's dwarf epauletted fruit bat)
• Micropteropus pusillus, Popo-purendi Mdogo wa Peters (Peters's dwarf epauletted fruit bat)
• Myonycteris brachycephala, Popo-matunda wa Sao Tome São Tomé collared fruit bat)
• Myonycteris relicta, Popo-matunda Mdogo Mashariki (East African little collared fruit bat)
• Myonycteris torquata, Popo-matunda Mdogo Magharibi (Little collared fruit bat)
• Nanonycteris veldkampii, Popo-purendi Mdogo wa Veldkamp (Veldkamp's dwarf epauletted fruit bat)
• Plerotes anchietae, Popo-matunda wa Anchieta (D'Anchieta's fruit bat)
• Pteropus aldabrensis, Popo-mbweha wa Aldabra (Aldabra flying fox)
• Pteropus livingstonii, Popo-mbweha wa Livingstone (Livingstone's fruit bat)
• Pteropus niger, Popo-mbweha wa Morisi (Mauritian flying fox)
• Pteropus rodricensis, Popo-mbweha wa Rodrigues (Rodrigues flying fox)
• Pteropus rufus, Popo-mbweha wa Madagaska (Madagascan flying fox)
• Pteropus seychellensis, Popo-mbweha wa Shelisheli (Seychelles fruit bat)
• Pteropus subniger, Popo-mbweha Mdogo wa Morisi (Small Mauritian flying fox) imekwisha sasa (karne ya 19)
• Pteropus voeltzkowi, Popo-mbweha wa Pemba (Pemba flying fox)
• Rousettus aegyptiacus, Popo Mwekundu Egyptian rousette (Egyptian fruit bat))
• Rousettus madagascariensis, Popo Mwekundu wa Madagaska (Madagascar rousette)
• Rousettus obliviosus, Popo Mwekundu wa Komori Comoro rousette)
• Scotonycteris zenkeri, Popo-matunda wa Zenker (Zenker's fruit bat)
• Stenonycteris lanosus, Popo Mwekundu Manyoya-marefu (Long-haired rousette)

Spishi za mabara mengine

• Acerodon celebensis (Sulawesi flying fox)
• Acerodon humilis (Talaud flying fox)
• Acerodon jubatus (Giant golden-crowned flying fox)
• Acerodon leucotis (Palawan fruit bat)
• Acerodon mackloti (Sunda flying fox)
• Aethalops aequalis (Borneo fruit bat)
• Aethalops alecto (Pygmy fruit bat)
• Alionycteris paucidentata (Mindanao pygmy fruit bat)
• Aproteles bulmerae (Bulmer's fruit bat)
• Balionycteris maculata (Spotted-winged fruit bat)
• Chironax melanocephalus (Black-capped fruit bat)
• Cynopterus brachyotis (Lesser short-nosed fruit bat)
• Cynopterus horsfieldii (Horsfield’s fruit bat)
• Cynopterus luzoniensis (Peters’s fruit bat)
• Cynopterus minutus (Minute fruit bat)
• Cynopterus nusatenggara Nusatenggara short-nosed fruit bat)
• Cynopterus sphinx (Greater short-nosed fruit bat)
• Cynopterus titthaecheilus (Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat)
• Desmalopex leucopterus (White-winged flying fox)
• Desmalopex microleucopterus (Small white-winged flying fox)
• Dobsonia anderseni (Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia beauforti (Beaufort's naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia chapmani (Philippine naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia crenulata (Halmahera naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia emersa (Biak naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia exoleta (Sulawesi naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia inermis (Solomon's naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia minor (Lesser naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia moluccensis (Moluccan naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia pannietensis (Panniet naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia peroni (Western naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia praedatrix (New Britain naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dobsonia viridis (Greenish naked-backed fruit bat)
• Dyacopterus brooksi (Brooks’s Dyak fruit bat)
• Dyacopterus rickarti (Rickart's Dyak fruit gat)
• Dyacopterus spadiceus (Dayak fruit Bat)
• Eonycteris major (Greater Nectar Bat)
• Eonycteris robusta (Philippine dawn bat)
• Eonycteris spelaea (Cave nectar bat)
• Haplonycteris fischeri (Fischer's pygmy fruit bat)
• Harpyionycteris celebensis (Sulawesi harpy fruit bat)
• Harpyionycteris whiteheadi (Harpy fruit bat)
• Latidens salimalii (Salim Ali's fruit bat)
• Macroglossus minimus (Long-tongued nectar bat)
• Macroglossus sobrinus (Long-tongued fruit bat)
• Melonycteris fardoulisi (Fardoulis's blossom bat)
• Melonycteris melanops (Black-bellied fruit bat)
• Melonycteris woodfordi (Woodford's fruit bat)
• Megaerops ecaudatus (Tailless fruit bat)
• Megaerops kusnotoi (Javan tailless fruit bat)
• Megaerops niphanae (Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat)
• Megaerops wetmorei (White-collared fruit bat)
• Mirimiri acrodonta (Fijian monkey-faced bat)
• Neopteryx frosti (Small-toothed Fruit Bat)
• Notopteris macdonaldi (Long-tailed fruit bat)
• Notopteris neocaledonica (New Caledonia blossom bat)
• Nyctimene aello (Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene albiventer (Common tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene celaeno (Dark tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene cephalotes (Pallas's tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene certans (Mountain tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene cyclotis (Round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene draconilla (Dragon tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene keasti (Keast's tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene major (Island tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene malaitensis (Malaita tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene masalai (Demonic tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene minutus (Lesser tube-nosed bat)
• Nyctimene rabori (Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Nyctimene robinsoni (Eastern tube-nosed bat)
• Nyctimene sanctacrucis Nendo tube-nosed fruit bat) imekwisha sasa (mwanzo wa karne ya 20)
• Nyctimene vizcaccia (Umboi tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Otopteropus cartilagonodus (Luzon fruit bat)
• Paranyctimene raptor (Lesser tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Paranyctimene tenax (Steadfast tube-nosed fruit bat)
• Penthetor lucasi (Dusky fruit bat)
• Ptenochirus jagori (Greater musky fruit bat)
• Ptenochirus minor (Lesser musky fruit bat)
• Pteralopex anceps (Bougainville monkey-faced bat)
• Pteralopex atrata (Guadalcanal monkey-faced bat)
• Pteralopex flanneryi (Greater monkey-faced bat)
• Pteralopex pulchra (Montane monkey-faced bat)
• Pteralopex taki (New Georgian monkey-faced bat)
• Pteropus admiralitatum (Admiralty flying fox)
• Pteropus alecto (Black flying fox)
• Pteropus allenorum (Small Samoan flying fox) imekwisha sasa (karne ya 19)
• Pteropus anetianus (Vanuatu flying fox)
• Pteropus argentatus (Silvery flying fox)
• Pteropus aruensis (Aru flying fox)
• Pteropus brunneus (Dusky flying fox) imekwisha sasa (karne ya 19)
• Pteropus caniceps (Ashy-headed flying fox)
• Pteropus capistratus (Bismark masked flying fox)
• Pteropus chrysoproctus (Moluccan flying fox)
• Pteropus cognatus (Makira flying fox)
• Pteropus conspicillatus (Spectacled flying fox)
• Pteropus coxi (Large Samoan flying fox) imekwisha sasa (karne ya 19)
• Pteropus dasymallus (Ryukyu flying fox)
• Pteropus faunulus (Nicobar flying fox)
• Pteropus fundatus (Banks flying fox)
• Pteropus giganteus (Indian Flying Fox)
• Pteropus gilliardorum (Gilliard's flying fox)
• Pteropus griseus (Grey flying fox)
• Pteropus howensis (Ontong Java flying fox)
• Pteropus hypomelanus (Small flying fox)
• Pteropus insularis (Chuuk Flying Fox)
• Pteropus intermedius (Andersen's flying fox)
• Pteropus keyensis (Kei flying fox)
• Pteropus lombocensis (Lombok flying fox)
• Pteropus loochoensis (Okinawa flying fox)
• Pteropus lylei (Lyle's flying fox)
• Pteropus macrotis (Big-eared flying fox)
• Pteropus mahaganus (Lesser flying fox)
• Pteropus mariannus (Mariana fruit bat)
• Pteropus melanopogon (Black-bearded flying fox)
• Pteropus melanotus (Black-eared flying fox)
• Pteropus molossinus (Caroline flying fox)
• Pteropus neohibernicus (Great flying fox)
• Pteropus nitendiensis (Temotu flying fox)
• Pteropus ocularis (Ceram fruit bat)
• Pteropus ornatus (Ornate flying fox)
• Pteropus pelewensis (Pelew flying fox)
• Pteropus personatus (Masked flying fox)
• Pteropus pilosus (Large Palau flying fox) imekwisha sasa (karne ya 19)
• Pteropus pohlei (Geelvink Bay flying fox)
• Pteropus poliocephalus (Grey-headed flying fox)
• Pteropus pselaphon (Bonin flying fox)
• Pteropus pumilus (Little golden-mantled flying fox)
• Pteropus rayneri (Solomons flying fox)
• Pteropus rennelli (Rennell flying fox)
• Pteropus samoensis (Samoa flying fox)
• Pteropus scapulatus (Little red flying fox)
• Pteropus speciosus (Philippine grey flying fox)
• Pteropus temminckii (Temminck's flying fox)
• Pteropus tokudae (Guam flying fox) imekwisha sasa (miaka 1970)
• Pteropus tonganus (Insular flying fox)
• Pteropus tuberculatus (Vanikoro flying fox)
• Pteropus ualanus (Kosrae flying fox)
• Pteropus vampyrus (Large flying fox)
• Pteropus vetulus (New Caledonia flying fox)
• Pteropus woodfordi (Dwarf flying fox)
• Pteropus yapensis (Yap flying fox)
• Rousettus (Boneia) bidens (Manado fruit bat)
• Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy's rousette)
• Rousettus celebensis (Sulawesi rousette)
• Rousettus leschenaulti (Leschenault's rousette)
• Rousettus linduensis (Linduan rousette)
• Rousettus spinalatus (Bare-backed rousette)
• Sphaerias blanfordi (Blanford's fruit bat)
• Styloctenium mindorensis (Mindoro stripe-faced bruit bat)
• Styloctenium wallacei (Sulawesi stripe-faced fruit bat)
• Syconycteris australis (Common blossom bat)
• Syconycteris carolinae (Halmahera blossom bat)
• Syconycteris hobbit (Moss-forest blossom bat)
• Thoopterus nigrescens (Swift fruit bat)

Picha

• 
  Popo-matunda njano
• 
  Popo-purendi wa Gambia
• 
  Popo-purendi Habeshi
• 
  Popo-purendi wa Wahlberg
• 
  Popo-purendi wa Franquet
• 
  Popo-matunda kichwa-nyundo
• 
  Popo-mbochi wa Woermann
• 
  Popo-purendi mdogo wa Peters
• 
  Popo-purendi mdogo wa Veldkamp
• 
  Popo-mbweha wa Livingstone
• 
  Popo-mbweha wa Morisi
• 
  Popo-mbweha wa Rodrigues
• 
  Popo-mbweha wa Madagaska
• 
  Popo-mbweha wa Shelisheli
• 
  Popo-mbweha wa Pemba
• 
  Popo mwekundu wa Madagaska
• 
  Popo-matunda wa Zenker

• 
  Sulawesi flying fox
• 
  Giant golden-crowned flying fox
• 
  Lesser short-nosed fruit bat
• 
  Minute fruit bat
• 
  Greater short-nosed fruit bat
• 
  Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat
• 
  Fijian monkey-faced bat
• 
  Eastern tube-nosed bat
• 
  Black flying fox
• 
  Moluccan flying fox
• 
  Spectacled flying fox
• 
  Ryukyu flying fox
• 
  Indian flying fox
• 
  Lyle's flying fox
• 
  Mariana fruit bat
• 
  Grey-headed flying fox
• 
  Samoa flying fox
• 
  Little red flying fox
• 
  Insular flying fox
• 
  Large flying fox