Chura-sugu

Chura-sugu
Chura-sugu wa Garman
Uainishaji wa kisayansi
Himaya: Animalia (Wanyama) Faila: Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) Ngeli: Amphibia (Wanyama wanaoanza maisha kwenye maji na kuendelea nchi kavu) Nusungeli: Lissamphibia (Amfibia waliopo bado) Oda: Anura (Vyura) Nusuoda: Neobatrachia Familia: Bufonidae Gray, 1825
Ngazi za chini
Jenasi 6 katika Afrika: Amietophrynus Frost et al., 2006 Churamiti Channing & Stanley, 2002 Mertensophryne Tihen, 1960 Nectophrynoides Buchholz & Peters, 1875 Poyntonophrynus Frost et al., 2006 Schismaderma Smith, 1849

Vyura-sugu ni aina za vyura wa familia Bufonidae katika oda Anura ambao ngozi yao ina sugu. Wana jozi ya tezi kichogoni zinazochoza sumu ya neva (bufotoxin) ili kuzuia maadui.

Vyura hawa huishi kwa nchi kavu au juu ya miti lakini takriban spishi zote hutaga mayai katika maji. Mayai hayo hutoa ndubwi. Spishi za jenasi Nectophrynoides (vyura-sugu msitu) hazitagi mayai lakini huzaa vyura wadogo, kwa sababu ndubwi wanatoka kwa mayai ndani ya kirijaova cha jike na kukua mpaka vyura.

Spishi za Afrika ya Mashariki

• Amietophrynus brauni, Chura-sugu wa Braun (Dead leaf toad)
• Amietophrynus camerunensis, Chura-sugu wa Kameruni (Oban toad)
• Amietophrynus fuliginatus, Chura-sugu Mweusi (Sooty toad)
• Amietophrynus funereus, Chura-sugu Kijivu (Somber toad)
• Amietophrynus garmani, Chura-sugu wa Garman (Olive toad)
• Amietophrynus gutturalis, Chura-sugu Koromo (Guttural toad)
• Amietophrynus kerinyagae, Chura-sugu wa Kirinyaga (Keith's toad)
• Amietophrynus kisoloensis, Chura-sugu wa Kisolo (Kisolo toad)
• Amietophrynus maculatus, Chura-sugu Mgongo-bapa (Flat-backed toad)
• Amietophrynus reesi, Chura-sugu wa Merara (Merara toad)
• Amietophrynus regularis, Chura-sugu wa Kawaida (African toad)
• Amietophrynus steindachneri, Chura-sugu wa Steindachner (Steindachner's toad)
• Amietophrynus turkanae, Chura-sugu wa Turkana (Lake Turkana toad)
• Amietophrynus urunguensis, Chura-sugu wa Urungu (Urungu toad)
• Amietophrynus vittatus, Chura-sugu wa Ziwa Viktoria (Banded toad)
• Amietophrynus xeros, Chura-sugu wa Savana (Savannah toad)
• Churamiti maridadi, Chura-miti Maridadi (Beautiful tree toad)
• Mertensophryne howelli, Chura-sugu wa Mrora (Mrora forest toad)
• Mertensophryne lindneri, Chura-sugu wa Lindner (Dar es Salaam toad)
• Mertensophryne lonnbergi, Chura-sugu wa Lonnberg (Lonnberg's toad)
• Mertensophryne loveridgei, Chura-sugu wa Mahenge (Mahenge toad)
• Mertensophryne micranotis, Chura-sugu wa Bunty (Loveridge's snouted toad)
• Mertensophryne mocquardi, Chura-sugu wa Mocquard (Mocquard's toad)
• Mertensophryne nairobiensis, Chura-sugu wa Nairobi (Nairobi toad)
• Mertensophryne taitana, Chura-sugu wa Taita (Taita toad)
• Mertensophryne usambarae, Chura-sugu wa Usambara (Usambara forest toad)
• Mertensophryne uzunguensis, Chura-sugu wa Udzungwa (Udzungwa toad)
• Nectophrynoides asperginis, Chura-sugu wa Kihansi (Kihansi spray toad)
• Nectophrynoides cryptus, Chura-sugu Msitu Fichika (Secret tree toad)
• Nectophrynoides frontierei, Chura-sugu Msitu wa Frontier (Frontier's forest toad)
• Nectophrynoides laevis, Chura-sugu Msitu Laini (Smooth forest toad)
• Nectophrynoides laticeps, Chura-sugu Msitu wa Ukaguru (Ukaguru forest toad)
• Nectophrynoides minutus, Chura-sugu Msitu Mdogo (Minute tree toad)
• Nectophrynoides paulae, Chura-sugu Msitu wa Paula (Paula's forest toad)
• Nectophrynoides poyntoni, Chura-sugu Msitu wa Poynton (Poynton's forest toad)
• Nectophrynoides pseudotornieri, Chura-sugu Msitu ??? (Pseudo??? toad)
• Nectophrynoides tornieri, Chura-sugu Msitu wa Tornier (Tornier's tree toad)
• Nectophrynoides vestergaardi, Chura-sugu Msitu wa Vestergaard (Vestergaard's forest toad)
• Nectophrynoides viviparus, Chura-sugu Msitu wa Morogoro (Morogoro forest toad)
• Nectophrynoides wendyae, Chura-sugu Msitu wa Udzungwa (Udzungwa Scarp tree toad)
• Poyntonophrynus lughensis, Chura-sugu Somali (Somali toad)
• Poyntonophrynus parkeri, Chura-sugu wa Parker (Parker's toad)
• Schismaderma carens, Chura-sugu Mgongo-mwekundu (Red-backed toad)

Spishi za pande nyingine za Afrika

• Amietophrynus asmarae (Asmara toad)
• Amietophrynus blanfordii (Blanford's toad)
• Amietophrynus buchneri (Buchner's toad)
• Amietophrynus chudeaui (Bata marsh toad)
• Amietophrynus cristiglans (Tingi Hills toad)
• Amietophrynus danielae (Ivory Coast toad)
• Amietophrynus djohongensis (Adamawa toad)
• Amietophrynus gracilipes (French Congo toad)
• Amietophrynus kassasii (Damietta toad)
• Amietophrynus langanoensis (Lake Langano toad)
• Amietophrynus latifrons (High tropical forest toad)
• Amietophrynus lemairii (Pweto toad)
• Amietophrynus mauritanicus (Berber toad)
• Amietophrynus pantherinus (Western leopard toad)
• Amietophrynus pardalis (Eastern leopard toad)
• Amietophrynus perreti (Perret's toad)
• Amietophrynus poweri (Kimberley toad)
• Amietophrynus rangeri (Raucous toad)
• Amietophrynus superciliaris (Congo toad)
• Amietophrynus taiensis (Tai Forest toad)
• Amietophrynus togoensis (Togo toad)
• Amietophrynus tuberosus (Fernando Po toad)
• Amietophrynus villiersi (Villiers's toad)
• Mertensophryne anotis (Mashonaland toad)
• Mertensophryne melanopleura (Kankunde toad)
• Mertensophryne nyikae (Nyika dwarf toad)
• Mertensophryne schmidti (Schmidt's snouted frog)
• Poyntonophrynus beiranus (Beira toad)
• Poyntonophrynus damaranus (Damaraland toad)
• Poyntonophrynus dombensis (Dombe toad)
• Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti (Fenoulhet's toad)
• Poyntonophrynus grandisonae (Grandison's toad)
• Poyntonophrynus hoeschi (Hoesch's toad)
• Poyntonophrynus kavangensis (Kavango toad)
• Poyntonophrynus vertebralis (South African dwarf toad)

Picha

• 
  Chura-sugu wa Kameruni
• 
  Chura-sugu koromo
• 
  Chura-sugu mgongo-bapa
• 
  Chura-sugu wa kawaida
• 
  Chura-sugu wa Bunty
• 
  Chura-sugu mgongo-mwekundu

• 
  Buchner's toad
• 
  Western leopard toad
• 
  Perret's toad
• 
  Kimberley toad
• 
  Raucous toad
• 
  Congo toad
• 
  Fenoulhet's toad