Ufisadi

Ufisadi ni upotoshaji au utumiaji mbaya wa mchakato au mwingiliano na mtu mmoja au zaidi kwa madhumuni ya kupata faida fulani kama vile upendeleo maalum au malipo badala ya kuridhika kwake.

Kibonzo cha mwaka 1902 kikionyesha afisa wa polisi ambaye macho yake yamefunikwa na kitambaa kilichoandikwa "rushwa".

Kwa ujumla hupelekea kujitajirisha binafsi kwa wafisadi au kutajirisha shirika potovu (kundi la ugaidi, kampuni, klabu, n.k.). Hili ni zoea ambalo linaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa haramu kulingana na uwanja unaohusika (biashara, siasa, n.k.) lakini tabia yake haswa ni kutenda kwa njia ambayo haiwezekani kugundua au kushutumu.

Inaweza kumhusu mtu yeyote anayefurahia mamlaka ya kufanya maamuzi, awe mwanasiasa, afisa, mtendaji mkuu wa kampuni binafsi, daktari, msuluhishi au mwanariadha, mwanachama cha wafanyakazi au shirika analoshiriki.

Marejeo

Wikiquote ina mkusanyiko wa dondoo kuhusu:

Ufisadi

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Ufisadi

• Diwan, Ishac; Haidar, Jamal Ibrahim (2021). "Political Connections Reduce Job Creation: Firm-level Evidence from Lebanon". Journal of Development Studies 57 (8): 1373–1396. doi:10.1080/00220388.2020.1849622. 
• Butscher, Anke. "Corruption" (2012). University Bielefeld – Center for InterAmerican Studies.
• Cohen, Nissim (2012). Informal payments for healthcare – The phenomenon and its context. Journal of Health Economics, Policy and Law, 7 (3): 285–308.
• Garifullin Ramil Ramzievich Bribe-taking mania as one of the causes of bribery. The concept of psychological and psychotherapeutic approaches to the problem of bribery and bribe-taking mania. J. Aktualnye Problemy Ekonomiki i Prava" ("Current Problems in Economics and Law"), no. 4(24), 2012, pp. 9–15
• Heidenheimer, Arnold J. and Michael Johnston, eds. Political corruption: Concepts and contexts (2011).
• Heywood, Paul M. ed. Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (2014)
• Johnston, Michael Syndromes of Corruption (2006).
• Li, Ling. "Politics of Anticorruption in China: Paradigm Change of the Party’s Disciplinary Regime 2012–2017," Journal of Contemporary China, 28:115, 47–63, DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2018.1497911
• McCormick, Richard L. "The discovery that business corrupts politics: A reappraisal of the origins of Progressivism" American Historical Review 86 (1981): 247–74.
• Mantzaris, E., Tsekeris, C. and Tsekeris, T. (2014). Interrogating Corruption: Lessons from South Africa. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 7 (1): 1–17.
• Rajan, Sudhir Chella A Social Theory of Corruption (2020).
• Sharma, Vivek Swaroop. "Give Corruption a Chance" in The National Interest 128, November/December 2013: 38–45. Full text available at: [1].
• Wallis, John Joseph. "The concept of systematic corruption in American history." in Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America's economic history (U of Chicago Press, 2006). 23–62. online

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