Nasaba ya Yuan
Nasaba ya Yuan ilikuwa nasaba ya kifalme ya China iliyoongozwa na Wamongolia na kudumu tangu mwaka 1271 hadi 1368. Ilianzishwa na Kublai Khan aliyekuwa mjukuu wa Chingis Khan. Utawala wa Kimongolia katika China ulikuwa moja kati ya madola yaliyofuata Milki ya Wamongolia ilipogawanywa baada ya kifo cha Chingis Khan.
Katika historia ya China, nasaba ya Yuan ilifuata nasaba ya Song na kutangulia nasaba ya Ming.
Sehemu kubwa za China zilivamiwa na Chingis Khan aliyechukua cheo cha kaizari kulingana na mapokeo ya nchi.[1] Lakini wawakilishi wa nasaba ya Song waliendelea kutawala maeneo ya China Kusini hadi kushindwa kabisa mnamo 1279. Kublai Khan alirithi utawala juu ya China na Mongolia yenyewe[2], pamoja na cheo cha khan mkubwa kati ya warithi wengine wa Chingis; mwaka 1271 alitangaza utawala wake kama nasaba mpya[3].
Ilikuwa nasaba ya kwanza iliyoanzishwa na kabila lisilo la Wahan ambayo ilitawala China yote. [4] [5] [6] Mnamo 1368 utawala wao ulipinduliwa na nasaba ya Ming. Toghan Timur, kaizari wa mwisho wa Yuan alipaswa kuondoka Beijing akaendelea kutawala juu ya Mongolia pekee. [7]
Baadhi ya makaizari wa Yuan walijifunza lugha ya Kichina, wakati wengine walitumia tu lugha yao ya asili ya Kimongolia. [8]
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ "太祖本紀 [Chronicle of Taizu]". 《元史》 [History of Yuan] (in Classical Chinese). "元年丙寅，帝大會諸王群臣，建九斿白旗，即皇帝位於斡難河之源，諸王群臣共上尊號曰成吉思皇帝["Genghis Huangdi"]。"
- ↑ Atwood, Christopher Pratt (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3.
- ↑ Mote (1994). "Chinese society under Mongol rule, 1215-1368". In Twitchett, Dennis; Franke, Herbert (eds.). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 616–664. ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5.
- ↑ Tan, Koon San (2014). Dynastic China: An Elementary History. uk. 312. ISBN 978-983-9541-88-5.
- ↑ Cheung, Martha (2016). An Anthology of Chinese Discourse on Translation (Volume 2): From the Late Twelfth Century to 1800. uk. 2. ISBN 9781134829316.
- ↑ Eberhard, Wolfram (1971). A History of China (tol. la 3rd, revised and enlarged). Berkeley, California: University of California Press. uk. 232. ISBN 0-520-01518-5.
- ↑ [[[:Kigezo:Google books]] The History of China]. Iliwekwa mnamo 4 Machi 2015.
{{cite book}}: Check|url=value (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Franke, Herbert, Could the Mongol emperors read and write Chinese?