Herufi za Kiarabu
Herufi za Kiarabu ni maandishi maalumu ya lugha ya Kiarabu. Nje ya Kiarabu lugha mbalimbali zinaandikwa kwa herufi za Kiarabu, hasa lugha za nchi zenye Waislamu wengi, ingawa herufi hizo zilibuniwa kabla ya dini hiyo kuenea. Kati ya lugha hizo kuna Kiajemi, Kikurdi, Kimalay na Urdu. Pengine katika lugha hizo herufi kadhaa zinaongezwa au kupunguzwa, kulingana na lugha ilivyo.
Kihistoria hata Kiswahili na Kituruki ziliwahi kuandikwa kwa herufi za Kiarabu.
Kuna herufi 28 za Kiarabu zinazoandikwa kutoka kulia kwenda kushoto. Herufi zote isipokuwa sita zinaunganishwa wakati wa kuandika. Kutokana na tabia hiyo kila herufi inaweza kuonekana kwa maumbo tofautitofauti kiasi kutegemeana na mahali pake mwanzoni, katikati au mwishoni mwa neno.
Kwa kawaida maandishi ya Kiarabu ni ya konsonanti tu bila vokali. Vokali zikiandikwa zinaonekana kama mstari au nukta chini au juu ya herufi zinazoanzisha silabi.
Herufi kuu
haririUmbo la herufi | Jina | Soma kama | Alama za matamshi ya kimataifa | |||
peke yake | mwanzoni | katikati | mwishoni | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ﺀ | أ, إ, ؤ, ئ |
hamza | ’ ‚ | [ʔ] | ||
ﺍ | — | ﺎ | alif | ā | [aː] | |
ﺏ | ﺑ | ﺒ | ﺐ | bāʾ | b | [b] |
ﺕ | ﺗ | ﺘ | ﺖ | tāʾ | t | [t] |
ﺙ | ﺛ | ﺜ | ﺚ | ṯāʾ | th | [θ] |
ﺝ | ﺟ | ﺠ | ﺞ | ǧīm | / j | [ʤ] |
ﺡ | ﺣ | ﺤ | ﺢ | ḥāʾ | ḥ | [ħ] |
ﺥ | ﺧ | ﺨ | ﺦ | ḫāʾ | / ẖ / kh | [x] |
ﺩ | — | ﺪ | dāl | d | [d] | |
ﺫ | — | ﺬ | ḏāl | ḏ / dh | [ð] | |
ﺭ | — | ﺮ | rāʾ | r | [r] | |
ﺯ | — | ﺰ | zāy | z | [z] | |
ﺱ | ﺳ | ﺴ | ﺲ | sīn | s | [s] |
ﺵ | ﺷ | ﺸ | ﺶ | šīn | š / sh | [ʃ] |
ﺹ | ﺻ | ﺼ | ﺺ | ṣād | ṣ | [sˁ] |
ﺽ | ﺿ | ﻀ | ﺾ | ḍād | ḍ | [dˁ] |
ﻁ | ﻃ | ﻄ | ﻂ | ṭāʾ | ṭ | [tˁ] |
ﻅ | ﻇ | ﻈ | ﻆ | ẓāʾ | ẓ | [ðˁ] |
ﻉ | ﻋ | ﻌ | ﻊ | ʿayn | ʿ / ‘ | [ʕ] |
ﻍ | ﻏ | ﻐ | ﻎ | ġayn | ġ / gh | [ɣ] |
ﻑ | ﻓ | ﻔ | ﻒ | fāʾ | f | [f] |
ﻕ | ﻗ | ﻘ | ﻖ | qāf | q / ḳ | [q] |
ﻙ | ﻛ | ﻜ | ﻚ | kāf | k | [k] |
ﻝ | ﻟ | ﻠ | ﻞ | lām | l | [l] |
ﻡ | ﻣ | ﻤ | ﻢ | mīm | m | [m] |
ﻥ | ﻧ | ﻨ | ﻦ | nūn | n | [n] |
ﻩ | ﻫ | ﻬ | ﻪ | hāʾ | h | [h] |
ﻭ | — | ﻮ | wāw | w | [w] | |
ﻱ | ﻳ | ﻴ | ﻲ | yāʾ | y | [jn] |
Viungo vya nje
hariri- Quranic Arabic Lessons for Kids Archived 7 Juni 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
- Test yourself on the Arabic alphabet
- A YouTube video about learning Arabic by Br. Wisam Sharieff
- Interactive audio lesson for learning the Arabic alphabet Archived 7 Aprili 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
- Named Entity Recognition – for a discussion of inconsistencies and variations of Arabic written text.
- Arabetics – for a discussion of consistency and uniformization of Arabic written text.
- Arabic alphabet course videos guide Archived 19 Februari 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
- Open Source fonts for Arabic script
- Arabic Keyboard (in French) Archived 27 Februari 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
- Why the right side of your brain doesn't like Arabic