Frederick I Barbarossa

Frederick I (Kijerumani: Friedrich; 1122 – 10 Juni 1190), maarufu kama Frederick Barbarossa kutokana na ndevu zake nyekundu, alikuwa Kaizari ya Dola Takatifu la Kiroma kuanzia 1155 hadi kifo chake wakati wa vita vya msalaba.

Sanamu ya dhahabu ya Frederick I (1171).

Kabla ya hapo alikuwa mfalme wa Ujerumani kuanzia 1152 na mfalme wa Italia mwaka 1155.

Halafu alitiwa pia taji la mfalme wa Burgundy, huko Arles tarehe 30 Juni 1178.

Marejeo

Ya awali

• Otto of Freising and his continuator Rahewin, The deeds of Frederick Barbarossa tr. Charles Christopher Mierow with Richard Emery. New York: Columbia University Press, 1953. Reprinted: Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
• Ibn al-Athir
• Romuald of Salerno. Chronicon in Rerum Italicarum scriptores.
• Otto of Sankt Blasien
• The "Bergamo Master". Carmen de gestis Frederici I imperatoris in Lombardia.
• Chronicon Vincentii Canonici Pragensis in Monumenta historica Boemiae by Fr. Gelasius Dobner (1764)[1] Ilihifadhiwa 13 Agosti 2014 kwenye Wayback Machine. [2]

Ya baadaye

• Haverkamp, Alfred. Friedrich Barbarossa, 1992
• Novobatzky, Peter and Ammon Shea. Depraved and Insulting English. Orlando: Harcourt, 2001
• Canduci, Alexander (2010), Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors, Pier 9, ISBN 978-1-74196-598-8
• Comyn, Robert. History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V, Vol. I. 1851
• Munz, Peter. "Frederick Barbarossa: A Study in Medieval Politics". Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1969
• Opll, Ferdinand. Friedrich Barbarossa, 1998
• Reston, James. Warriors of God, 2001
• Federico Rossi Di Marignano: "Federico Barbarossa e Beatrice di Borgogna. Re e regina d'Italia", Mondadori, 2009, ISBN 88-04-58676-1 ISBN 978-88-04-58676-0
• Walford, Edward, John Charles Cox, and George Latimer Apperson. "Digit Folklore part II". The Antiquary: A Magazine Devoted to the Study of the Past 1885 Volume XI: January–June.
• Kigezo:EB1911
• Gianluca Raccagni, The Lombard League (1164–1225), Oxford University Press 2010.

Viungo vya nje

• MSN Encarta – Frederick I (Holy Roman Empire)( Ilihifadhiwa 28 Oktoba 2009 kwenye Wayback Machine. 2009-10-31)
• Famous Men of the Middle Ages – Frederick Barbarossa
• Charter given by Emperor Frederick Ilihifadhiwa 26 Machi 2023 kwenye Wayback Machine. for the bishopric of Bamberg showing the Emperor's seal, 6.4.1157 . Taken from the collections of the Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden Ilihifadhiwa 13 Januari 2009 kwenye Wayback Machine. at Marburg University

Angalia pia

• Orodha ya Makaizari wa Ujerumani

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