Tauni

Tauni (au kipukusa; kwa Kiingereza: plague au pestilence) ni ugonjwa unaoambukiza watu wengi sana unaosababishwa na bakteria Yersinia pestis ya familia Enterobacteriaceae.

Yersinia pestis iliyokuzwa mara 200 ikiwa na lebo ya fluoro. Bakteria hii ndiyo sababu ya aina mbalimbali za tauni.

Tauni ya majipu inasababisha tezi za limfu zifure.

Inapatikana kwa kawaida katika maeneo kadhaa ya dunia yasiyo na maendeleo.

Kadiri ya athira juu ya mapafu na hali nyingine za mgonjwa, inaweza kuenea kupitia hewa, kwa kugusana na kwa nadra kwa njia ya chakula kisichopikwa vya kutosha.

Dalili zinategemea ugonjwa umemshika mtu wapi zaidi: tezi, mishipa ya damu au mapafu.

Tiba ikiwahi inaweza kumponya mtu.

Historia

Zamani tauni iliua watu wengi: kwa miaka michache hata nusu ya Wachina wote, halafu theluthi ya Wazungu wote.

Biblia inazungumzia ugonjwa huo.

Barani Afrika ugonjwa ulienea mara kadhaa, lakini mtawanyiko wa watu katika maeneo makubwa haukuisaidia tauni kuwapata watu wengi zaidi kama kwenye msongamano mkubwa.

Ni maarufu juhudi za Wajerumani kukomesha tauni katika koloni lao la Afrika Mashariki ya Kijerumani mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 kwa kulipa kiasi kadhaa kwa kila mzoga wa panya, mnyama anayesambaza bakteria hizo kupitia viroboto wake.

Marejeo

• Weatherford 2004: 242-250
• Ole Jrgen Benedictow (2004). Black Death 1346-1353: The Complete History. ISBN 978-1-84383-214-0.
• Biraben, Jean-Noel. Les Hommes et la Peste The Hague 1975.
• Buckler, John and Bennet D. Hill and John P. McKay. "A History of Western Society, 5th Edition." New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1995.
• Norman F. Cantor (2002-04-16). In the Wake of the Plague: The Black Death and the World It Made. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-001434-6.
• de Carvalho RW, Serra-Freire NM, Linardi PM, de Almeida AB, da Costa JN; Serra-Freire; Linardi; De Almeida; Da Costa (Julai 2001). "Small rodents fleas from the bubonic plague focus located in the Serra dos Orgãos Mountain Range, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil". Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 96 (5): 603–9. doi:10.1590/S0074-02762001000500003. PMID 11500756. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link). this manuscript reports a census of potential plague vectors (rodents and fleas) in a Brazilian focus region (i.e. region associated with cases of disease); free PDF download Retrieved 2005-03-02
• Marilyn Chase (2004-03-09). The Barbary Plague: The Black Death in Victorian San Francisco. Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-375-75708-2.
• Cohn, Samuel K. (2003). The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe. A Hodder Arnold. uk. 336. ISBN 0-340-70646-5.
• Charles T. Gregg (1978). Plague!: The Shocking Story of a Dread Disease in America Today. ISBN 978-0-684-15372-8.
• Ernest Jawetz (1989). 1989 Medical Microbiology. McGraw-Hill/Appleton & Lange. ISBN 978-0-8385-6238-3.
• John Kelly (2005-02-01). The Great Mortality: An Intimate History of the Black Death, The Most Devastating Plague of All Time. Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-000692-1.
• William Hardy McNeill (1998). Plagues and peoples. Anchor. ISBN 978-0-385-12122-4.
• James C. Mohr (2004-11-15). Plague and Fire:Battling Black Death and the 1900 Burning of Honolulu's Chinatown: Battling Black Death and the 1900 Burning of Honolulu's Chinatown. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-516231-8.
• A. Lloyd Moote; Dorothy C. Moote (2004-01-20). The Great Plague: The Story of London's Most Deadly Year. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7783-4.
• Wendy Orent (2004-05-01). Plague: The Mysterious Past and Terrifying Future of the World's Most Dangerous Disease. Free Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-3685-0.
• Patrick, Adam. "Disease in Antiquity: Ancient Greece and Rome," in Diseases in Antiquity, editors: Don Brothwell and A. T. Sandison. Springfield, Illinois; Charles C. Thomas, 1967.
• Platt, Colin. King Death: The Black Death and its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England Toronto University Press, 1997.
• Rosen, William (2007). Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe. Viking Penguin. uk. 367. ISBN 978-0-670-03855-8.
• Simpson, W. J. A Treatise on Plague. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1905.
• Jackson J. Spielvogel (1998-01-01). Western Civilization to 1715: A Brief History. Wadsworth Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-534-56062-1.

Viungo vya nje

• World Health Organization
  • Health topic
  • Communicable Disease Surveillance & Response – Impact of plague & Information resources
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • CDC Plague map world distribution, publications, information on bioterrorism preparedness and response regarding plague
  • Infectious Disease Information more links including travelers' health
• Agent Fact Sheet: Plague Ilihifadhiwa 6 Februari 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine., Center for Biosecurity
• Symptoms, causes, pictures of bubonic plague
• Secrets of the Dead. Mystery of the Black Death Ilihifadhiwa 25 Machi 2014 kwenye Wayback Machine. PBS
• Flea As WeaponPDF (281 KB)
• Researchers sound the alarm: the multidrug resistance of the plague bacillus could spread Ilihifadhiwa 14 Oktoba 2007 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• Plague - LoveToKnow 1911
• Genome information is available from the NIAID PathoSystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) Ilihifadhiwa 31 Desemba 2014 kwenye Wayback Machine.

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya tiba bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Tauni kama sababu yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.