Noma (ugonjwa)
Noma (pia inajulikana kama cancrum oris) ni ugonjwa unaoenea kwa haraka, na mara nyingi huwa ni ugonjwa wa kinywa na uso.[1]
Ishara na dalili
haririNi utando wa kiwamboute kwenye kinywa na Kidonda cha kinywa, na upungufu wa haraka wa tishu, za mifupa usoni.[2]
Sababu
haririNoma huathiri watoto maskini sana na wenye utapiamlo katika nchi za Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara na maeneo mengine ya kitropiki; sababu za msingi za ugonjwa huo ni usafi duni wa mazingira na utapiamlo.[3][1]
Fusobacterium necrophorum na Prevotella intermedia ni vimelea vya bakteria muhimu katika mchakato wa ugonjwa huu, wakishirikiana na kiini kimoja au zaidi vya bakteria (kama vile Borrelia vincentii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Staphylococcus aureus, na spishi nyingine za nonhemolytic Streptococcus).[4] Matibabu ya viumbe hao yanaweza kusaidia kuzuia maambukizo, lakini hairejeshi tishu zilizokosekana au zilizoharibika.
Sababu zinazowezesha kutabiri ni pamoja na:[1][5][6]
- Utapiamlo (haswa Vitamini A na Vitamini B) au upungufu wa maji mwilini
- Usafi duni, haswa mdomo
- maji yasio salama ya kunywa
- Ukaribu na mifugo isiyofaa
- ugonjwa wa hivi karibuni
- ugonjwa wa upungufu wa kinga mwilini, pamoja na UKIMWI
- surua
- kuvuta sigara
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Enwonwu CO, Falkler WA, Phillips RS (Julai 8, 2006). "Noma (cancrum oris)". The Lancet. 368 (9530): 147–56. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69004-1. PMID 16829299. S2CID 10647321.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "AllRefer Health - Noma (Cancrum Oris, Gangrenous Stomatitis)". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2007-05-28. Iliwekwa mnamo 2007-07-12.
- ↑ Srour ML, Marck K, Baratti-Mayer D (Februari 2017). "Noma: Overview of a Neglected Disease and Human Rights Violation". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 96 (2): 268–274. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0718. PMC 5303022. PMID 28093536.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Neville, Brad. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (tol. la 3rd). Saunders Book Company. ku. 062008. 5.11.
- ↑ Auluck A, Pai KM (2005). "Noma: Life Cycle of a Devastating Sore - Case Report and Literature Review" (PDF). Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 71 (10): 757–757c. PMID 16324228.
- ↑ Enwonwu CO (2006). "Noma--the ulcer of extreme poverty". The New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (3): 221–4. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058193. PMID 16421362.