COBOL

COBOL
Shina la studio	namna : namna ya utaratibu inaozingatiwa kuhusu kipengee
Imeanzishwa	Septemba 18 1959 (umri 65)
Mwanzilishi	Howard Bromberg, Howard Discount, Vernon Reeves, Jean E. Sammet, William Selden, Gertrude Tierney, Mary K. Hawes
Ilivyo sasa	Ilivutwa na: AIMACO, C++, COMTRAN, Eiffel, FACT, FLOW-MATIC, Smalltalk Ilivuta: CobolScript, EGL, PL/I, PL/B
Mahala	Short Range Committee
Tovuti	https://www.cobol-it.com/

COBOL ni lugha ya programu. Iliundwa na Howard Bromberg, Howard Discount, Vernon Reeves, Jean E. Sammet, William Selden, Gertrude Tierney na Mary K. Hawes na ilianzishwa tarehe 18 Septemba 1959. Iliundwa ili kuumba programu kwa benki na biashara. Leo tunatumia COBOL 2014. Ilivutwa na C++.

Inaitwa COBOL kwa sababu ni kifupi cha maneno "common business-oriented language"

Historia

Ilianzishwa 18 Septemba 1959 nchini Marekani. Lakini Howard Bromberg, Howard Discount, Vernon Reeves, Jean E. Sammet, William Selden, Gertrude Tierney na Mary K. Hawes walianza kufanya kazi kuhusu COBOL mwaka wa 1958.

Falsafa

Namna ya COBOL ni namna ya utaratibu na inaozingatiwa kuhusu kipengee.

Sintaksia

Sintaksia ya COBOL ni ngumu sana kinyume cha lugha za programu nyingine kama JavaScript, Python au Ruby. Ilivutwa na sintaksia ya COMTRAN, lugha ya programu nyingine.

Mifano ya COBOL

Programu kwa kuchapa « Jambo ulimwengu !».

000100 IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
000200 PROGRAM-ID. SALUTTOUS.
000300 DATE-WRITTEN. 21/05/05 19:04.
000400 AUTHOR UNKNOWN.
000500 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
000600 CONFIGURATION SECTION.
000700 SOURCE-COMPUTER. RM-COBOL.
000800 OBJECT-COMPUTER. RM-COBOL.
000900
001000 DATA DIVISION.
001100 FILE SECTION.
001200
100000 PROCEDURE DIVISION.
100100
100200 DEBUT.
100300 DISPLAY " " LINE 1 POSITION 1 ERASE EOS.
100400 DISPLAY "Jambo ulimwengu !" LINE 15 POSITION 10.
100500 STOP RUN.

Programu nyingine kwa kuchapa "Jambo ulimwengu !" (COBOL-85)

Identification division. 
         Program-id. Hello.
       Procedure division.
         Display "Jambo ulimwengu !" line 15 position 10.
         Stop run.

Marejeo

Bemer, Bob (1971). "A View of the History of COBOL" (PDF). Honeywell Computer Journal. 5 (3). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
Beyer, Kurt (2009). Grace Hopper and the Invention of the Information Age. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262013109. LCCN 2008044229.
Brown, William R. (1 December 1976). "COBOL". In Belzer, Jack; Holzman, Albert G.; Kent, Allen (eds.). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 5. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0824722555.
Carr, Donald E.; Kizior, Ronald J. (31 December 2003). "Continued Relevance of COBOL in Business and Academia: Current Situation and Comparison to the Year 2000 Study" (PDF). Information Systems Education Journal. 1 (52). ISSN 1545-679X. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
CODASYL (July 1969). "CODASYL COBOL Journal of Development 1968". National Bureau of Standards. ISSN 0591-0218. LCCN 73601243.
Conner, Richard L. (14 May 1984). "Cobol, your age is showing". Computerworld. 18 (20): ID/7–ID/18. ISSN 0010-4841.