Soweto
Soweto ni sehemu ya jiji la Johannesburg, Afrika Kusini.
Jina hilo ni kifupi cha Southwestern townships yaani "mapambizo ya kusini-magharibi". Hayo yalianzishwa wakati wa apartheid kama makazi ya Waafrika pekee, na kwa hiyo yalitazamwa kuwa "mapambizo meusi" ya Johannesburg.
Kati ya miaka 1983 na 2002 Soweto ilikuwa manisipaa ya pekee, baadaye imekuwa tena sehemu ya jiji la Johannesburg.
Wakati wa sensa ya mwaka 2008 idadi ya wakazi ilikuwa milioni 1.3 [1] na hii inalingana na theluthi moja ya wakazi wote wa jiji hilo.
Ndani ya Soweto kuna vitongoji mbalimbali, idadi inatajwa mara kuwa 29[2], mara 34[3]. Kati yake, vingine ni maeneo maskini sana, hata mitaa ya vibanda; vingine vina nyumba nzuri.
Soweto ilikuwa kitovu cha upinzani wa wanafunzi dhidi ya apartheid kwenye mwaka 1976.
Tanbihi
hariri- ↑ "Population of Soweto, South Africa". Mongabay.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-03-04. Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-09-17.
- ↑ Soweto, tovuti ya saweb.co.za, iliangaliwa Septemba 2019
- ↑ "Background to the study area: Soweto" (PDF). University of Pretoria. 2004. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2005-12-17. Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-11-16.
Kujisomea
hariri- Philip Bonner; Lauren Segal (1998). Soweto: A History. South Africa: Maskew Miller Longman. ISBN 0-636-03033-4.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - Dumesani Ntshangase; Gandhi Malungane; Steve Lebelo; Elsabe Brink; Sue Krige (2001). Soweto, 16 June 1976. South Africa: Kwela Books. ISBN 978-0-7957-0132-0.
- Glaser, Clive (2000). Bo Tsotsi – The Youth Gangs of Soweto. United Kingdom: James Currey. ISBN 978-0-85255-640-5.
- Grinker, David (2014). Inside Soweto: Memoir of an Official 1960s-1980s. Johannesburg: Eastern Enterprises. ISBN 978-1-29186-599-8.
- Harrison, Philip, and Kirsten Harrison (2014) “Soweto: A Study in Socio-Spatial Differentiation.” In Philip Harrison, Graeme Gotz, Alison Todes, and Chris Wray (eds) Changing Space, Changing City: Johannesburg after Apartheid, Johannesburg: Wits University Press, pp 293–318. https://doi.org/10.18772/22014107656.19
- Holland, Heidi (1995). Born in Soweto – Inside the Heart of South Africa. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-024446-5.
- Hopkins, Pat (1999). The Rocky Rioter Teargas Show. Cape Town: Zebra. ISBN 1-86872-342-9.
- Stephen Laufer; Matada Tsedu (2007). Soweto – A South African Legend. Germany: Arnoldsche. ISBN 978-3-89790-013-4.
- Tessendorf (1989). Along the Road to Soweto: A Racial History of South Africa. Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-31401-9.
- French, Kevin John, James Mpanza and the Sofasonke Party in the development of local politic in Soweto, unpublished M.A. dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1983.
Viungo vya Nje
hariri
- Soweto uprisings.com, an extensive map mashup with info on the events on 16
- Senator for Illinois, Barack Obama, at the Hector Pieterson Museum in August 2006 Ilihifadhiwa 27 Mei 2010 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Guardian Unlimited audio recording of Antoinette Sithole on the Soweto uprising Ilihifadhiwa 11 Agosti 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine.
- Soweto Uprising (2007) at the Internet Archive
- BBC video of the Soweto uprisings
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Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Afrika Kusini bado ni mbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusu Soweto kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |