Mapatano ya Laterano
Mapatano ya Laterano kati ya Ufalme wa Italia na Ukulu mtakatifu yanaitwa hivyo kwa sababu yalisainiwa katika jumba la Laterano tarehe 11 Februari 1929.
Lengo lake lilikuwa kumaliza suala la Roma lililovuruga Italia tangu mwaka 1870, nchi hiyo ilipoteka mji huo uliotawaliwa na Mapapa kwa karne nyingi.
Kwa mapatano hayo, Papa alikubali mji ubaki mikononi mwa Ufalme, isipokuwa mtaa wa Vatikano na majengo mengine machache. Ndivyo ilivyoundwa na kukubalika kimataifa nchi huru ya Mji wa Vatikani iliyomwezesha Papa kuwa huru katika kuongoza Kanisa Katoliki duniani kote.
Mapatano hayo yaliheshimika hata baada ya serikali ya Ufashisti kuanguka, Italia kugeuka Jamhuri na katiba mpya kutungwa. Tena hiyo ilijumlisha mapatano hayo ndani yake[1].
Tanbihi
hariri- ↑ "The Constitution of the Italian Republic, article 7". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2012-10-12. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-05-04.
Marejeo
hariri- Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Christianity In a Revolutionary Age A History of Christianity in the 19th and 20th Century: Vol 4 The 20th Century In Europe (1961) pp 32–35, 153, 156, 371
- Riccards, Michael (1998). Vicars of Christ: Popes, Power, and Politics in the Modern World. New York: Crossroad. ISBN 0-8245-1694-X.
- Zuccotti, Susan (2002). Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09310-1.
- Pollard, John F. (2005). The Vatican and Italian Fascism, 1929-32. A Study in Conflict. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521023665.
- Pollard, Jonh F. (2014). The Papacy in the Age of Totalitarianism, 1914-1958. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199208562.
Viungo vya nje
hariri- Text of the Lateran Treaty and other laws and decrees related to Vatican City State Archived 23 Mei 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
- Text in the original language of the Lateran Pacts, including the financial convention and the concordat
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