Papa

Kwa samaki anayeitwa kwa Kiswahili "papa" tazama papa (samaki)

Papa (neno la mkopo kutoka Kilatini lakini lenye asili ya Kigiriki, πάππας, pappas, jina ambalo mtoto anamuitia baba yake)ni cheo cha kiongozi mkuu wa Kanisa Katoliki duniani kote. Cheo hicho kinategemea kile cha askofu wa Roma.

Papa Pius IX, alishika cheo hicho kwa muda mrefu kuliko wote (1846-1878).

Asili

Kiasili neno la Kilatini "Papa" linamaanisha "Baba", nalo likawa cheo kutokana na nia ya kumtaja askofu wa Roma kwa heshima ya pekee. Msingi wa heshima hiyo ni imani ya Wakatoliki kuwa askofu wa Roma ni mwandamizi wa Petro, mkuu wa mitume wa Yesu.

Wakatoliki huamini ya kwamba Petro alipewa na Yesu kazi ya kuongoza Kanisa lote kwa niaba yake na ya kwamba jukumu hilo linaendelea kati ya waandamizi wa Petro kwenye kiti cha askofu wa Roma ambacho kwa heshima kinaitwa Ukulu mtakatifu.

Historia

Upapa ni kati ya vyeo vya zamani zaidi duniani na umeathiri sana historia ya binadamu kwa miaka karibu 2000.Athari hiyo iliweza kuwa nzuri au mbaya, kadiri ya matendo ya mhusika.

Kwa muda mrefu mamlaka ya Papa upande wa siasa, hasa juu ya mikoa ya Italia ya Kati, ilisababisha nchi nyingine na koo tajiri za Roma zijiingize katika uchaguzi ili kupitisha watu wao, hata wasiofaa. Upande mwingine, Mapapa waliathiriwa na utamaduni na mazingira ya nyakati zao, hasa tapo la Renaissance, kiasi cha kuzama katika anasa.

Baada ya Dola la Papa kutekwa na Ufalme wa Italia (1860-1870), Mapapa wameweza kushughulikia zaidi mambo ya kiroho na kujitokeza kwa ubora.Kwa miaka ya karibuni inatosha kumfikiria Papa Yohane Paulo II na mchango wake katika kuangusha ukomunisti katika Ulaya Mashariki.

Majina ya mapapa

Sahihi ya Papa Fransisko.

Papa huchaguliwa na makardinali wa Kanisa Katoliki baada ya mtangulizi wake kufa au kung'atuka. Baada ya kuchaguliwa papa mpya anaweza akajipatia jina jipya. Tangu tarehe 13 Machi 2013 ni Papa Fransisko, ambaye awali aliitwa Jorge Mario Bergoglio, kutoka Argentina.

Majina ya mapapa wengine wa Kanisa Katoliki yanapatikana katika orodha ya mapapa.

Mkuu wa Vatikano

Papa ni pia mkuu wa nchi huru ya Mji wa Vatikano iliyopo ndani ya mji wa Roma (ambao ni mji mkuu wa Italia).

Cheo cha "Papa" penginepo

Cheo cha Papa hutumiwa pia na baadhi ya madhehebu mengine ya Kikristo kwa viongozi wao, hasa kwa mkuu wa Kanisa la Kikopti huko Misri.

Tazama pia

• Orodha ya mapapa
• Historia ya Kanisa
• Historia ya Kanisa Katoliki

Marejeo

• Barry, Rev. Msgr. John F. (2002). One Faith, One Lord: A Study of Basic Catholic Belief. New York: William H. Sadlier. ISBN 0-8215-2207-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004). A Concise History of the Catholic Church. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50584-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Chadwick, Henry (1990). "The Early Christian Community". In John McManners. The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity. Oxford University Press.

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• Duffy, Eamon (1997). Saints and Sinners, a History of the Popes. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07332-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Durant, William James (1950). The Story of Civilization. Juz. la IV. The Age of Faith: A History of Medieval Civilization - Christian, Islamic, and Judaic - from Constantine to Dante, A.D. 325-1300. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-01200-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Durant, William James (1957). The Story of Civilization. Juz. la VI. The Reformation. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-61050-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Franzen, August (1969). A History of the Church. Herder and Herder. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Granfield, Patrick (1987). The Limits of the Papacy: Authority and Autonomy in the Church. New York: Crossroad. ISBN 0-8245-0839-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Grisar, Hartmann (1912). History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner. OCLC 11025456. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• John Paul II, Pope (22 Februari 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". Vatican Publishing House. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Kelly, J. N. (1986). Oxford Dictionary of the Popes. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-19-190935-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Kerr, William Shaw (1950). A Handbook on the Papacy. London: Marshall, Morgan & Scott. OCLC 51018118. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Küng, Hans (2003). The Catholic Church: A Short History. Random House. ISBN 978-0-8129-6762-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Loomis, Louise Ropes (2006) [1916]. The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis): To the Pontificate of Gregory I. Merchantville, New Jersey: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 1-889758-86-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Noble, Thomas (2005). Western Civilization. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-618-43277-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Orlandis, José (1993). A Short History of the Catholic Church. Scepter Publishers. ISBN 1-85182-125-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Pastor, Ludwig von (1891–1930). The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages: Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and Other Original Sources. London: J. Hodges. OCLC 270566224. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Walsh, James Joseph (1908). The Popes and Science: The History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time. New York: Fordham University Press. OCLC 08015255. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Marejeo mengine

• Brusher, Joseph S. (1959). Popes Through the Ages. Princeton, N.J: Van Nostrand. OCLC 742355324.
• Chamberlin, E. R. (1969). The Bad Popes. New York: Dial Press. OCLC 647415773.
• Dollison, John (1994). Pope-pourri. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-88615-8.
• Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. (1997). Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy from St. Peter to the Present. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-01798-0.
• Norwich, John Julius (2011). The Popes: A History. London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 978-0-7011-8290-8.

Viungo vya nje

• Pope Endurance League - Sortable list of Popes
• Data Base of more than 23,000 documents of the Popes in latin and modern languages
• The Holy See - The Holy Father—website for the past and present Holy Fathers (since Papa Leo XIII)
• Origins of Peter as Pope Archived 4 Septemba 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• The Authority of the Pope: Part I Archived 3 Septemba 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• The Authority of the Pope: Part II Archived 4 Septemba 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

Makala hii kuhusu Kanisa Katoliki bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Papa kama historia yake au maelezo zaidi? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.