Elimunafsia

Elimunafsia (pia: saikolojia kutoka Kigiriki ψυχολογία psikhologia) ni fani ya elimu jamii inayolenga kujua nafsi ya binadamu ili kurahisisha ukomavu wake na uhusiano wake na wenzake.

Kujifahamu

Picha ya mwaka 1909 mbele ya Clark University. Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, Carl Gustav Jung; nyuma yao: Abraham A. Brill, Ernest Jones, Sándor Ferenczi.

Hakuna mtu wa jana, leo au kesho aliye sawasawa na mwingine: kila mmoja ni wa pekee. Mungu ametufanya tofauti ili tutimilizane. Kila mmoja anahitaji wengine, na kila mmoja ni muhimu kwa wenzake. Katika maisha ya jamii kuna sehemu ambayo yeye tu anaweza kuijaza. Wazo hilo linaweza kumsaidia kijana ambaye ni mwepesi kukata tamaa na kujitupa. Daima uhai ni zawadi nzuri kwa mhusika na kwa wenzake wote. Kijana ni zawadi yenye nguvu na wema hata kwa taifa, kiasi kwamba kujali ustawi wa kijana ni kujenga taifa.

Tunataka kujifahamu tulivyoumbwa (mwili, nafsi na roho, ambavyo vyote vinafungamana ndani mwetu):

1. ili tuweze kujithamini hasa kwa kuona sisi ni nani mbele ya Mungu;
2. ili tufahamu mipaka yetu na kuikabili inavyofaa;
3. ili tufahamu vipawa tulivyojaliwa tuwashirikishe wenzetu;
4. ili tubadilike kuwa bora zaidi na kuchangia ustawi wa jamii;
5. ili tuhusiane vizuri zaidi na wenzetu;
6. ili tuweze kujieleza kwa watu fulanifulani na kupata mashauri ya kutufaa.

Kujikubali

Daima ni muhimu tukubali hali ilivyo, halafu tujitahidi kuifanya bora zaidi. Tusipojikubali kwanza tutahangaika tu hata kukata tamaa. Wajue wasijue vijana wapokua wanashindwa kujikubali walivyo. Pengine wanaficha silika zao wasitambulikane na watu, hata wakashindwa kujielewa, wakapatwa na vilema vya ukuaji pia. Ni lazima waache kujifunika uso kwa vinyago hivyo; badala yake wakabili ukweli wao, wenye sifa na kasoro. Hivyo tu watapitia vizuri mabadiliko ya ujana upande wa mwili, nafsi, jamii, maadili na roho. Hatimaye watakomaa na kushika nafasi yao maishani.

Kwa kila mtu ni muhimu kuwa na marafiki; hasa kijana anahitaji kikundi. Lakini hiyo isiwe njia ya kukwepa nafsi yake mwenyewe wala ya kuficha tabia yake kwa kuzungumza, kutembea au kutenda namna fulani wanavyofanya wenzake. Kwa hiyo asijifananishe nao. Kila mtu anakua kwa namna yake, akibadilika kwa kiasi tofauti na muda tofauti. Ni lazima ajifunze kuyapokea mabadiliko hayo pia yanayomfanya geugeu sana, hasa msichana katika mzunguko wake wa kila mwezi: mara anaonekana jasiri au korofi, mara amejaa wasiwasi.

Kujistawisha

Mwaka 1963 Abraham Maslow aliorodhesha haja za binadamu, akisema inafaa atimize kwanza zile za msingi zaidi (maji, chakula n.k.).^[1]

Uhai unasukuma kiumbe chochote kistawi. Mimea inakua namna yake, wanyama namna yao, na binadamu polepole zaidi kwa kuwa ndiye kiumbe bora anayehitaji kukomaa pande zake zote. Kulingana na haja yetu ya kukomaa hivyo, sio tu kufikia umri au kimo fulani, ndani mwetu zimo nguvu zinazotuhimiza tujilinde ili tuzidi kuishi wenyewe, tuendeleze uhai tulionao kwa kuzaa, tujitegemee (yaani tumiliki maisha yetu), tutawale vitu na watu ili mambo yaende tunavyotaka, n.k.

Haja iliyoota mizizi mirefu ndani mwetu ni ile ya kujikamilisha tusiwe watu wanaoishi ili mradi tu. Kadiri tunavyokua tunajisikia kuwajibika. Haja hizo zinafanya tujiwekee pia malengo katika utendaji. Basi, baada ya kujifahamu, kila mmoja wetu achague na kuazimia awe bora vipi, kwa sababu wenyewe tunaamua tuweje. Ni wajibu wetu kujipenda na kwa hiyo kujitunza na kujistawisha kimwili, kinafsi, kijamii, kimaadili na kiroho. Kazi hiyo inahitaji nia na bidii za kudumu. Tufuate taratibu za kulinda afya ya mwili, heshima ya mavazi, usafi wa mazingira. Tujiepushe na uvivu unaosababisha mawazo na matendo mabaya. Tujihadhari na maandishi, picha na maneno yasiyofaa, yasije yakatupotosha kimawazo au kusisimua ashiki. Tuhusiane vema na wengine (adabu, lugha nzuri n.k.). Hasa tufuate dhamiri na kustawisha roho iliyo sehemu bora ya utu wetu ambamo tunashirikiana na Mungu.

Mbali ya motisha kutoka nje (yaani kupewa tuzo au adhabu), sisi binadamu tuna maarubu yanayotuongoza kwa ndani na kututia nguvu tutende namna fulani na kukwepa mambo mengine. Yanaweza kuwa ya aina mbalimbali:

1. tusiyofundishwa kwa kuwa ni haja za mwili (kupumua, kunywa, kula, kujisaidia, kupumzika, kutumia jinsia n.k.) au haja za nafsi (kupendwa, kufungamana, kukubaliwa, kufanikiwa, kujitokeza, kusaidia, kushindana, kushinda, kutawala, kujihami, kuwa salama, kuongozwa, kujishusha, kujitawala, kumiliki, kupanga, kubadili, kujua, kuhemka, kujamiiana, kucheza);
2. yaliyorithiwa kwa wazazi na ukoo (silika, maelekeo, vipawa n.k.);
3. ya kujipatia, yaani tusiyozaliwa nayo, ambayo tunayapata maishani mwetu hasa kutoka kwa watu wanaotuzunguka (mazoea, mila, tunu, imani n.k.).

Maarubu hayo yanasaidia kukua na kuelekea ukomavu, yaani hali ya kuwa jinsi Muumba alivyokusudia kisha kupitia hatua kadhaa.

Tanbihi

↑ "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs". Honolulu.hawaii.edu. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2011-01-01. Iliwekwa mnamo 10 Desemba 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

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[honolulu-1] "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs". Honolulu.hawaii.edu. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2011-01-01. Iliwekwa mnamo 10 Desemba 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

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