Tafakuri

Tafakuri (kutoka neno la Kiarabu linalokazia kufikiri) ni zoezi la binadamu katika kutumia vema akili yake.

Sanamu ya Buddha akiwa anatafakari.

Watu wakitafakari huko Madison Square Park, New York City, Marekani.

Akiamini sana tafakuri katika Ukristo, Mtakatifu Pio wa Pietrelcina alisema: "Kwa kusoma vitabu, mtu anamtafuta Mungu; kwa kutafakari mtu anampata".

Lengo linaweza kuwa utulivu wa nafsi, ambao unasaidia pia afya ya mwili, au uchimbaji wa jambo fulani, au utafutaji wa jibu la swali lililojitokeza, au uamuzi kuhusu maisha au mengineyo ya namna hiyo.

Tafakuri za makusudi lilitumika toka zamani katika dini mbalimbali hata kwa kufumba macho, kukariri maneno fulani, kutumia tasbihi za aina mbalimbali, n.k.

Kwa namna ya pekee, tafakuri inazingatiwa katika monasteri.

Marejeo

• Austin, James H. (1999) Zen and the Brain: Toward an Understanding of Meditation and Consciousness, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999, ISBN 0-262-51109-6
• Azeemi, Khwaja Shamsuddin Azeemi (2005) Muraqaba: The Art and Science of Sufi Meditation. Houston: Plato, 2005, ISBN 0-9758875-4-8
• Bennett-Goleman, T. (2001) Emotional Alchemy: How the Mind Can Heal the Heart, Harmony Books, ISBN 0-609-60752-9
• Benson, Herbert and Miriam Z. Klipper. (2000 [1972]). The Relaxation Response. Expanded Updated edition. Harper. ISBN 0-380-81595-8
• Bond, Kenneth; Maria B. Ospina, Nicola Hooton, Liza Bialy, Donna M. Dryden, Nina Buscemi, David Shannahoff-Khalsa, Jeffrey Dusek & Linda E. Carlson (2009). "Defining a complex intervention: The development of demarcation criteria for "meditation"". Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. 1 (2). American Psychological Association: 129–137. doi:10.1037/a0015736.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (NB: Bond, Ospina et al., 2009, has substantial overlap with the full report by Ospina, Bond et al., 2007, listed below. Overlap includes the first 6 authors of this paper, and the equivalence of Table 3 on p. 134 in this paper with Table B1 on p. 281 in the full report)
• Craven JL (Oktoba 1989). "Meditation and psychotherapy". Can J Psychiatry. 34 (7): 648–53. PMID 2680046.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Goleman, Daniel (1988). The meditative mind: The varieties of meditative experience. New York: Tarcher. ISBN 0-87477-833-6.
• Hanson, Rick; Mendius, Richard (2009), Buddha's Brain: The Practical Neuroscience of Happiness, Love, and Wisdom, New Harbinger Publications, ISBN 9781572246959
• Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. (1999) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.
• Kutz I, Borysenko JZ, Benson H (Januari 1985). "Meditation and psychotherapy: a rationale for the integration of dynamic psychotherapy, the relaxation response, and mindfulness meditation". Am J Psychiatry. 142 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1176/ajp.142.1.1. PMID 3881049.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lutz, Antoine; Richard J. Davidson; na wenz. (2004). "Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (November 16): 16369–73. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407401101. PMC 526201. PMID 15534199.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Metzner R. (2005) Psychedelic, Psychoactive and Addictive Drugs and States of Consciousness. In Mind-Altering Drugs: The Science of Subjective Experience, Chap. 2. Mitch Earlywine, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• MirAhmadi, As Sayed Nurjan Healing Power of Sufi Meditation The Healing Power of Sufi Meditation Paperback: 180 pages Publisher: Islamic Supreme Council of America (June 30, 2005) Language: English
• Nirmalananda Giri, Swami (2007) Om Yoga: Its Theory and Practice Ilihifadhiwa 17 Julai 2009 kwenye Wayback Machine. In-depth study of the classical meditation method of the Bhagavad Gita, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, and the Upanishads.
• Ospina Maria B., Kenneth Bond, Mohammad Karkhaneh, Lisa Tjosvold, Ben Vandermeer, Yuanyuan Liang, Liza Bialy, Nicola Hooton, Nina Buscemi, Donna M. Dryden & Terry P. Klassen (Juni 2007). "Meditation practices for health: state of the research" (PDF). Evidence Report / Technology Assessment (Full Report), prepared by the University of Alberta Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-02-0023) (155). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: 1–263. PMID 17764203. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (pdf) mnamo 2009-02-25. Iliwekwa mnamo 2015-11-07. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Perez-De-Albeniz, Alberto & Holmes, Jeremy (2000) Meditation: Concepts, Effects And Uses In Therapy. International Journal of Psychotherapy, March 2000, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p49, 10p
• Saraydarian, Torkom (1976), The Science of Meditation, TSG Publishing Foundation, ISBN 9780911794298
• Shalif, Ilan et al. (1989) Focusing on the Emotions of Daily Life (Tel-Aviv: Etext Archives, 2008)
• Shapiro DH (1992). "Adverse effects of meditation: a preliminary investigation of long-term meditators". Int J Psychosom. 39 (1–4): 62–7. PMID 1428622.
• Shear, Jonathan, mhr. (2006). The experience of meditation: Experts introduce the major traditions. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House. ISBN 978-1-55778-857-3.
• Sogyal Rinpoche, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, ISBN 0-06-250834-2
• Smith, Fritz Frederick (1986): Inner Bridges: A Guide to Energy Movement and Body Structure, Humanics Ltd. Partners, ISBN 978-0-89334-086-5.
• Tart, Charles T., editor. Altered States of Consciousness (1969) ISBN 0-471-84560-4
• Trungpa, C. (1973) Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism, Shambhala South Asia Editions, Boston, Massachusetts.
• Trungpa, C. (1984) Shambhala: The Sacred Path of the Warrior, Shambhala Dragon Editions, Boston, Massachusetts.
• Erhard Vogel. (2001) Journey Into Your Center, Nataraja Publications, ISBN 1-892484-05-6
• Wenner, Melinda. "Brain Scans Reveal Why Meditation Works." LiveScience.com. 30 June 2007.

Marejeo mengine

• Ajahn Brahm, Mindfulness Bliss and Beyond. ISBN 978-0-86171-275-5
• Alexander Berzin, What is meditation?
• Baba, Meher (1995). Discourses. Myrtle Beach, S.C.: Sheriar Foundation. ISBN 1-880619-09-1.
• Cooper, David. A. The Art of Meditation: A Complete Guide. ISBN 81-7992-164-6
• Easwaran, Eknath. Meditation (see article). ISBN 0-915132-66-4 new edition: Passage Meditation. ISBN 978-1-58638-026-7. The Mantram Handbook ISBN 978-1-58638-028-1
• Glickman, Marshall (2002) Beyond the Breath: Extraordinary Mindfulness Through Whole-Body Vipassana. ISBN 1-58290-043-4
• Goenka, S. N.. Meditation Now: Inner Peace through Inner Wisdom, ISBN 1-928706-23-1, ISBN 978-1-928706-23-6
• Hart, William. Art of Living, Vipassana Meditation, ISBN 0-06-063724-2, ISBN 978-0-06-063724-8
• Krishnamurti, Jiddu. This Light in Oneself: True Meditation, 1999, Shambhala Publications. ISBN 1-57062-442-9
• Levin, Michal. Meditation, Path to the Deepest Self, Dorling Kindersley, 2002. ISBN 978-0-7894-8333-1
• Long, Barry. Meditation: A Foundation Course — A Book of Ten Lessons. ISBN 1-899324-00-3
• Meiche, Michele. Meditation for Everyday Living. ISBN 0-9710374-6-9
• Monaghan, Patricia and Eleanor G. Viereck. Meditation: The Complete Guide. ISBN 1-57731-088-8
• Oldstone-Moore, Jennifer. Understanding Confucianism, Duncan Baird, 2003. ISBN 1904292127.
• Shankarananda, Swami. Happy For No Good Reason, Shaktipat Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-9750995-1-3
• Vethathiri Maharishi. Yoga for Modern life.
• Wood, Ernest. Concentration – An Approach to Meditation. Ilihifadhiwa 9 Juni 2021 kwenye Wayback Machine. Theosophical Publishing House 1949. ISBN 0-8356-0176-5.
• Yogananda, Paramahansa. Autobiography of a Yogi.

Viungo vya nje

• Meditation katika Open Directory Project

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