Trimurti

Trimurti ni fundisho katika dini ya Uhindu linaloonyesha miungu mikuu mitatu kama nguvu moja ya kimungu au kwa lugha nyingine miungu mikuu kama maumbo tofauti ya nguvu moja ya kimungu.

Jina latokana na maneno ya Kisanskrit "tri" (maana yake "tatu") na "murti" (maana yake umbo, mwili, sanamu ya mungu).

Miungu ya Trimurti

Miungu mikuu inayotazamiwa kama umoja katika Trimurti ni Shiva, Vishnu na Brahma.

Katika fundisho hili Brahma hutazamiwa kama muumba wa ulimwengu, Vishnu kama mungu wa kuutunza na Shiva kama nguvu itakayoharibu dunia na kuipeleka mwisho wake ili kuandaa uumbaji mpya wa dunia safi.

Trimurti inafundisha ya kwamba miungu hiyo si ya pekee na bila ususiano, bali kila mmoja ni sehemu tu ya Brahman yaani ile nguvu moja kubwa.

Sanamu za Trimurti

Kuna picha na sanamu za Trimurti zinazolenga kuonyesha umoja huu kwa mfano

vichwa 3 juu ya shingo 1
nyuso 3 kwenye kichwa 1
sanamu yenye mwili 1 mwenye vichwa 3 na mikono 6.

Picha hii inaunganishwa mara nyingi na ishara za miungu hii kama vile birika ya maji na rosari (Brahma), diski na konokono (Vishnu) na pembetatu pamoja na ngoma (Shiva).

Mawazo juu ya Trimurti

Umoja wa miungu kama Trimurti unatajwa katika vitabu vya kale kama Kūrma Purāṇa lakini si mara nyingi. Trimurti inafundishwa pia katika vitabu vya dini vya shule lakini kwa Wahindu wengi haina umuhimu mkubwa, kwa kuwa wengi wao ni hasa wafuasi wa mungu mkuu mmojawapo, ama Vishnu au Shiva au pia nguvu ya kike kwa majina mbalimbali.

Wafuasi wa Shiva hufundisha "Trimurti" lakini hapo kwao ni nyuso 3 za Shiva mwenyewe anayetazamiwa kama muumba, mtunza na mharibu dunia kwa pamoja ingawa kwa kuchukua maumbo mbalimbali.

Kwa hiyo ni zaidi fundisho linalotaka kuimarisha umoja wa Wahindu wote.

Watazamaji waliona ya kwamba mafundisho ya Trimurti inafanana kiasi na mafundisho ya Utatu katika Ukristo.

Marejeo

Vitabu

Basham, A. L. (1954). The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent Before The Coming of the Muslims. New York: Grove Press, Inc.,.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
Courtright, Paul B. (1985). Gaṇeśa: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505742-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
Flood, Gavin (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43878-0. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
Flood, Gavin (Editor) (2003). The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-4051-3251-5. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
Grimes, John A. (1995). Ganapati: Song of the Self. SUNY Series in Religious Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-2440-5. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
Jansen, Eva Rudy (2003). The Book of Hindu Imagery. Havelte, Holland: Binkey Kok Publications BV. ISBN 90-74597-07-6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help) Eighth printing; First published 1993.
Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (Editorial Chairman) (1956). The Cultural Heritage of India. Calcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help) Second edition, four volumes, revised and enlarged, 1956 (volume IV).
Winternitz, Maurice (1972). History of Indian Literature. New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help) Second revised reprint edition. Two volumes. First published 1927 by the University of Calcutta.
Zimmer, Heinrich (1972). Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01778-6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)