Hulagu Khan
Hulagu Khan (anatajwa pia kama Hulagu, Hülegü au Hulegu, takriban 1217 – 8 Februari 1265) alikuwa mtawala mmojawapo wa Wamongolia wa karne ya 13 aliyevamia na kutawala sehemu kubwa za Asia Kusini-Magharibi.
Familia hariri
Alikuwa mjukuu wa Genghis Khan na kaka wa Arik Boke, Mongke and Kublai Khan[1].
Alikuwa mtoto wa mama Mkristo, pia mke wake Dokuz Khatun alikuwa Mkristo. Hulagu mwenyewe alihamia dini ya Ubuddha kabla ya kifo chake.
Uvamizi wa Asia Magharibi hariri
Alivamia Uajemi kuanzia mwaka 1255 kwa kufuata amri wa Mongke Khan, mtawala wa mwisho wa Wamongolia wote. Jeshi lake liliteka Uajemi wote, pamoja na boma la Alamut na hivyo kumaliza Dola la Waismaili. Aliendelea kushambulia eneo la khalifa katika Iraki. Mwaka 1258 aliteka Baghdad na hivyo kumaliza Ukhalifa wa Waabbasi. Hakuweza kushinda Wamameluki wa Misri.
Kunzisha milki ya Ilkhan hariri
Baada ya kifo cha Mongke Khan kwenye mwaka 1259 Hulegu alijitegemea katika utawala wake akanzisha milki ya Ilkhan iiyodumu hadi mwaka 1353.[2]
Hulagu Khan alifariki mwaka 1265 akazikwa kwenye kisiwa cha Shahi ndani ya Ziwa Urmia. Kufuatana na utamaduni wa Wamongolia alizikwa pamoja na wanawake kadhaa[3].
Tanbihi hariri
- ↑ Reuven Amitai: Hulagu Khan, makala katika Encyclopedia Iranica online ya December 15, 2004
- ↑ "Six Essays from the Book of Commentaries on Euclid". www.wdl.org. 12 February 2019. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Amitai, Hulagu Khan
Marejeo hariri
- Boyle, J.A., (Editor). The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 5, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods . Cambridge University Press; Reissue edition (January 1, 1968). ISBN 0-521-06936-X. Perhaps the best overview of the history of the il-khanate. Covers politics, economics, religion, culture and the arts and sciences. Also has a section on the Isma'ilis, Hulagu's nemesis.
- Encyclopedia Iranica has scholar-reviewed articles on a wide range of Persian subjects, including Hulagu.
- Morgan, David. The Mongols. Blackwell Publishers; Reprint edition, April 1990. ISBN 0-631-17563-6. Best for an overview of the wider context of medieval Mongol history and culture.
- Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. Facts on File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-4671-9.
Viungo vya nje = hariri
- A long article Archived 2012-09-04 at Archive.today about Hulagu's conquest of Baghdad, written by Ian Frazier, appeared in the April 25, 2005 issue of The New Yorker.
- An Osama bin Laden tape in which Osama bin Laden compares Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of State Colin Powell to Hulagu and his attack on Baghdad. Dated November 12, 2002.