Ktesiphon

Ktesiphon ulikuwa mji wa kale katika Mesopotamia uliopatikana kwenye ukingo wa mashariki wa mto Hidekeli, karibu kilomita 35 kusini mashariki mwa Baghdad ya leo.

Taq Kasra au maghofu ya jumba la Ktesiphon, upinde katikati, picha ya mwaka 1864.

Ramani ya Seleukia na Ktesiphon wakati wa Kiajemi; ramani inaonyesha njia mbalimbali zilizotumiwa na mto Hidekeli katika historia

Historia

Ktesiphon ulikuwa mji mkuu wa kifalme wa milki ya Uajemi ya Kale (Iran) wakati wa nasaba za Waparthi na Wasasani kwa zaidi ya miaka mia nane hadi uvamizi wa Kiislamu wa milki ya Uajemi. Ktesiphon ulikuwa mji mkuu ingawa ulikuwa nje ya Uajemi yenyewe; lakini ilikuwa katikati ya maeneo ya rutuba ya Mesopotamia ambako kilimo kilileta kodi nyingi ambazo wafalme wa Uajemi walitegemea kwa utawala wao.

Ktesiphon katika karne za kuwa mji mkuu ulipanuka hadi kuunganishwa na mji wa Seleukia upande mwingine wa mto Hidekeli. Mara nyingi inatajwa kama "Seleukia-Ktesiphon". Mwishoni mwa karne ya 6 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 7, iliorodheshwa kama jiji kubwa zaidi duniani.

Wakati wa vita kati ya Dola la Roma na Uajemi, Ktesiphon ilitekwa mara tatu na Waroma. Baada ya uvamizi wa Waislamu mji huo ulishuka na wakazi waliondoka, kwa sababu nafasi yake kama kitovu cha utawala na uchumi ilichukuliwa na mji mpya, Baghdad.

Kati ya maghofu ya mji wa kale yako hasa mabaki ya jumba la kifalme yanayojulikana kama Taq Kasra.

 

Bibliografia

• A. Invernizzi, "Ten Years Research in the al-Madain Area, Seleucia and Ctesiphon," Sumer, 32, (1976), 167–175.
• Luise Abramowski, "Der Bischof von Seleukia-Ktesiphon als Katholikos und Patriarch der Kirche des Ostens," in Dmitrij Bumazhnov u. Hans R. Seeliger (hg), Syrien im 1.-7. Jahrhundert nach Christus. Akten der 1. Tübinger Tagung zum Christlichen Orient (15.-16. Juni 2007). (Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2011) (Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum / Studies and Texts in Antiquity and Christianity, 62),
• Morony, Michael (2009). "MADĀʾEN". Encyclopaedia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/madaen-sasanian-metropolitan-area.
• Kennedy, Hugh N. (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century, Second, Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd.. ISBN 0-582-40525-4. 
• (1921) The Eclipse of the 'Abbasid Caliphate. Original Chronicles of the Fourth Islamic Century, Vol. V: The concluding portion of The Experiences of Nations by Miskawaihi, Vol. II: Reigns of Muttaqi, Mustakfi, Muti and Ta'i. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 
• Rekaya, M. (1991). al-Maʾmūn. Leiden and New York: BRILL, 331–339. ISBN 90-04-08112-7. 
• Kennedy, Hugh N. (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century, Second, Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd.. ISBN 0-582-40525-4. 
• Zarrinkub, Abd al-Husain (1975). "The Arab conquest of Iran and its aftermath", The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–57. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6. 
• Bosworth, C. E. (1975). "Iran under the Buyids", The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 250–305. ISBN 0-521-20093-8. 
• Kröger, Jens (1993). "CTESIPHON". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4. pp. 446–448. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ctesiphon.

Viungo vya nje

• • Ctesiphon and Taq Kasra photo gallery
  • Ctesiphon Exhibition by the Islamic Art Museum at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin in 2016 (Video)
  • Livius.org: Ctesiphon Archived 6 Mei 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Ctesiphon (profile at the Metropolitan Museum of Art)