Mkizi

Mkizi
Mkizi mkia-buluu (Crenimugil buchanani)
Uainishaji wa kisayansi
Himaya: Animalia (Wanyama) Faila: Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) Nusufaila: Vertebrata (Wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo) Ngeli: Actinopterygii (Samaki walio na mapezi yenye tindi) Oda: Mugiliformes (Samaki kama mkizi) Familia: Mugilidae (Samaki walio na mnasaba na mkizi) Cuvier, 1829
Ngazi za chini
Jenasi 27 na spishi 70, 32 katika Afrika: Agonostomus Bennett, 1832 A. catalai Pellegrin, 1932 A. telfairii Bennett, 1832 Aldrichetta Whitley, 1945 Cestraeus Valenciennes, 1836 Chaenomugil Gill, 1863 Chelon Artedi, 1793 C. aurata (Risso, 1810) C. bandialensis Diouf, 1991 C. bispinosus (Bowdich, 1825) C. dumerili (Steindachner, 1870) C. labrosus (Risso, 1827) C. ramada (Risso, 1827) C. richardsonii (A. Smith, 1846) C. saliens (Risso, 1810) C. tricuspidens (J.L.B. Smith, 1935) Crenimugil Schultz, 1946 C. buchanani (Bleeker, 1853) C. crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775) C. seheli (Forsskål, 1775) Dajaus Valenciennes, 1836 Ellochelon Whitley, 1930 E. vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Gracilimugil Whitley, 1941 Joturus Poey, 1860 Mugil Linnaeus, 1758 M. bananensis Pellegrin, 1927 M. capurrii Perugia, 1892 M. cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 M. curema Valenciennes, 1836 Myxus Günther, 1861 Neomyxus Steindachner, 1878 Neochelon Durand, Chen, Shen, Fu & Borsa, 2012 N. falcipinnis (Valenciennes, 1836) Oedalechilus Fowler, 1903 O. labeo (Cuvier, 1829) Osteomugil Luther, 1982 O. cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) O. engeli (Bleeker, 1858) O. perusii (Valenciennes, 1836) O. robustus (Günther, 1861) Parachelon Durand, Chen, Shen, Fu & Borsa, 2012 P. grandisquamis (Valenciennes, 1836) Paramugil Ghasemzadeh, Ivantsoff & Aarn, 2004 Planiliza Whitley, 1945 P. alata {Steindachner, 1892) P. macrolepis (A. Smith, 1846) P. melinopterus (Valenciennes, 1836) P. subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) Plicomugil Schultz, 1953 P. labiosus (Valenciennes, 1836) Pseudomyxus Durand, Chen, Shen, Fu & Borsa, 2012 P. capensis (Valenciennes, 1836) Rhinomugil Gill, 1863 Sicamugil Fowler, 1939 Squalomugil Ogilby, 1908 Trachystoma Ogilby, 1888

Mkizi au binini ni samaki wa baharini na pengine wa maji baridi za familia Mugilidae katika oda Mugiliformes. Wanatokea katika kanda za wastani hadi tropiki. Wana magamba mapana na rangi ya kijivu na hudhurungi mgongoni.

Pengine hanithi huitwa mkizi pia, lakini ni aina tofauti.

Maelezo

Mkizi wanajulikana kwa kuwepo kwa mapezimgongo mawili tofauti, kinywa kidogo cha pembetatu na kutokuwepo kwa mrabafahamu. Hujilisha kwa takataka na spishi nyingi zina tumbo lenye misuli lisilo na kawaida na koromeo tata ili kusaidia umeng'enyaji wa chakula.

Mwenendo

Mwenendo wa kawaida unaoonekana katika mkizi ni mwelekeo wa kuruka nje ya maji. Kuna aina bainifu mbili za miruko: lengo nyofu na safi kutoka majini ili kuepuka mbuai na mruko polepole na chini zaidi huku akijigeua kwa ubavu wake ambao husababisha mtawanyiko mkubwa zaidi unaoonekana vizuri zaidi. Sababu za mruko huu kwa chini zinakabiliwa, lakini nadharia huwekwa kwamba sababu ni kupata hewa yenye kiwango cha juu cha oksijeni ili kubadilishana gesi katika ogani ndogo juu ya koromeo.

Spishi za Afrika

• Agonostomus catalai, Mkizi wa Komoro (Comoro mullet)
• Agonostomus telfairii, Mkizi wa Maskarena (Fairy mullet)
• Chelon aurata, Mkizi Dhahabu (Golden grey mullet)
• Chelon bandialensis, Mkizi Magharibi (Diassanga mullet)
• Chelon bispinosus, Mkizi wa Kaboverde (Cabo Verde mullet)
• Chelon dumerili, Mkizi Mifuo (Grooved mullet)
• Chelon labrosus, Mkizi Midomo-minono (Thicklip grey mullet)
• Chelon ramada, Mkizi Midomo-myembamba (Thinlip mullet)
• Chelon richardsonii, Mkizi Kusi (South African mullet)
• Chelon saliens, Mkizi Mrukaji (Leaping mullet)
• Chelon tricuspidens, Mkizi Michirizi (Striped mullet)
• Crenimugil buchanani, Mkizi Mkia-buluu (Bluetail mullet)
• Crenimugil crenilabis, Mkizi Midomo-virinda (Fringelip mullet)
• Crenimugil seheli, Mkizi Madoa-buluu (Bluespot mullet)
• Ellochelon vaigiensis, Mkizi Mkia-mraba (Squaretail mullet)
• Mugil bananensis, Mkizi wa Banana (Banana mullet)
• Mugil capurrii, Mkizi Mrukaji wa Afrika (Leaping African mullet)
• Mugil cephalus, Mkizi Kichwa-bapa (Flathead grey mullet)
• Mugil curema, Mkizi Mweupe (White mullet)
• Neochelon falcipinnis, Mkizi Mapezi-mundu (Sicklefin mullet)
• Oedalechilus labeo, Mkizi Mdomo-sanduku (Boxlip mullet)
• Osteomugil cunnesius, Mkizi Pwani (Longarm mullet)
• Osteomugil engeli, Mkizi Kanda (Kanda)
• Osteomugil perusii, Mkizi Mapezi-marefu (Long-finned mullet)
• Osteomugil robustus, Mkizi Imara (Robust mullet)
• Parachelon grandisquamis, Mkizi Magharibi (Large-scaled mullet)
• Planiliza alata, Mkizi Almasi (Diamond mullet)
• Planiliza macrolepis, Mkizi Magamba-makubwa (Largescale mullet)
• Planiliza melinopterus, Mkizi wa Otomebora (Otomebora mullet)
• Planiliza subviridis, Mkizi Mgongo-kijani (Greenback mullet)
• Plicomugil labiosus, Mkizi Midomo-pembe (Hornlip mullet)
• Pseudomyxus capensis, Mkizi wa Maji Baridi (Freshwater mullet)

Picha

• 
  Mkizi dhahabu
• 
  Mkizi midomo-minono
• 
  Mkizi midomo-myembamba
• 
  Mkizi kusi
• 
  Mkizi mrukaji
• 
  Mkizi mkia-mraba
• 
  Mkizi kichwa-bapa
• 
  Mkizi mweupe
• 
  Mkizi mdomo-sanduku
• 
  Mkizi pwani

Marejeo

• Rashid Anam & Edoardo Mostarda (2012) Field identification guide for the living marine resources of Kenya. FAO, Rome.
• Gabriella Bianchi (1985) Field guide to the commercial marine brackish-water species of Tanzania. FAO, Rome.

Viungo vya nje

• Mkizi kwenye hifadhidata ya samaki