Walutheri

Walutheri ni jina linalotumika kuwataja kwa jumla wafuasi wa Yesu Kristo wanaozingatia mafundisho yaliyotolewa na Martin Luther katika karne ya 16.

Lebo ya Luther: msalaba, moyo na waridi

Walutheri nchi kwa nchi mwaka 2019

Muundo, imani, liturujia

Muundo wao wa kanisa ni ama dayosisi/jimbo au kanisa la kitaifa.

Msingi wao ni Biblia ya Kikristo yenye vitabu 66 tu.

Walutheri husisitiza mafundisho ya Katekisimu zilizotungwa na Martin Luther. Mafundisho yake yalipofanywa kuwa rasmi, katika Ujerumani makanisa ya Kilutheri yaliendeshwa kama idara za serikali za sehemu za Kilutheri chini ya uongozi wa wataalamu wa teolojia, lakini katika karne ya 20 kanisa na serikali vilitengana.

Kumbe hali hiyo inadumu mpaka leo katika nchi za Skandinavia (Sweden, Norway, Denmark n.k.) ambapo wafalme waliamua kugeuza Kanisa zima la nchi zao kuwa la Kiinjili-Kilutheri. Ila Sweden Walutheri waliendelea na cheo cha uaskofu na desturi nyingi za Kanisa la kale, wakifanana zaidi na Waanglikana wa Uingereza.

Walutheri wote wanaadhimisha sakramenti 2, yaani Ubatizo na Chakula cha Bwana. Asilimia 80 za makanisa yao zinakubali wachungaji wanawake.

Uenezi

Madhehebu ya Kilutheri yalienea nje ya Ulaya Kaskazini kule ambako Wajerumani na Waskandinavia walihamia, kama vile Marekani.

Barani Afrika Walutheri wako hasa katika nchi zilizokuwa makoloni ya Ujerumani, kama vile Tanzania, Namibia na Kamerun, lakini pia Ethiopia.

Idadi ya Walutheri ni kama milioni 80 na wanazidi kuongezeka barani Asia na Afrika, huku wakipungua sehemu nyingine.. Asilimia kubwa (zaidi ya milioni 77) wako pamoja katika Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Kilutheri (Lutheran World Federation) lenye makao makuu mjini Geneva, Uswisi.

Walio wengi wengi wanaishi Marekani milioni 11.7, Ujerumani 10.8, Ethiopia 10.4, Tanzania 7.9, Uswidi 5.9, Indonesia 5.7, India 4.4, Udani 4.4, Madagaska 4.0, Ufini 3.8. Norwei 3.7, Nigeria 2.3.

Kwa kuwatazama kama asilimia ya wakazi katika nchi mbalimbali Walutheri ni jumuiya kubwa kabisa ya kidini katika nchi zote za Skandinavia, Namibia, Estonia, Latvia na majimbo ya Minnesota na North Dakota la Marekani.

Marejeo

• CLC Perspective: Concerning Church Fellowship: A Statement of Principle. Eau Claire, WI: CLC Book House. 1996.
• Confessional & Historical Perspective: Günther Gassmann & Scott Hendrix. Fortress Introduction to the Lutheran Confessions. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8006-3162-5.
• European Lutheran perspective: Elert, Werner. The Structure of Lutheranism: the Theology and Philosophy of Life of Lutheranism, Especially in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, trans. by Walter A. Hansen. Saint Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House, 1962. N.B.: Trans. of Morphologie des Luthertums, vol. 1 of which was published in 1931 at Munich by C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1931, vol. 2 in German appearing in 1932; the t.p. of this English-language ed. states "Volume One", but there has been no publication, as part of this English ed., of vol. 2.
• Fellowship of Lutheran Congregations Perspective: What True Lutherans Teach. Oak Parks, Ill.: E.L.C. Tract Center, [199-?]. 11 p. N.B.: There is no personal author or specific committee credited with this brochure.
• General Council Historical Perspective: Krauth, Charles Porterfield (1875). The Conservative Reformation and Its Theology: As Represented in the Augsburg Confession, and in the History and Theology of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (tol. la 2nd). Philadelphia: J. P. Lippincott. uk. 840. ISBN 0-7586-0994-9.
• LCA Historical Perspective: Braaten, Carl E. (1983). Principles of Lutheran Theology. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. ISBN 0-8006-1689-8.
• LCA Historical Worship Perspective: Reed, Luther D. The Lutheran Liturgy: a Study [especially] of the Common Service of the Lutheran Church in America. Philadelphia, Penn.: Muhlenberg Press, 1947. N.B.: This study also includes some coverage of other Lutheran liturgical services, especially of Matins and Vespers.
• LCMS Perspective: Pieper, Franz (1950–1957). Christian Dogmatics. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. uk. 3 Volumes. ISBN 0-570-06714-6.
• LCMS Perspective: Engelder, Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. uk. 526.
• LCMS Perspective: Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod (1932). Saint Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House.
• LCMS Perspective: Graebner, Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines Of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. uk. 250. ISBN 0-524-04891-6. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2006-07-09. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-06-18. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
• LCMS Perspective: Kretzschmar, Karl (198-?). What Lutherans Teach. St. Louis, Mo.: Concordia Tract Mission.
• LCMS Perspective: Neuhaus, Richard John (1969). The Lutherans (in "Ecumenical Series"). New York: Paulist Press. N.B.: At the time of the publication of this document, Neuhaus was still a Lutheran pastor, of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod.
• LCR Perspective: McLaughlin, Wallace H. (1963). We All Believe in One True God: A Summary of Biblical Doctrine. Midland, Michigan: Cross of Christ Press.
• Neo-Lutheran Historical Perspective: Schmid, Heinrich Friedrich Ferdinand (1876). The Doctrinal Theology of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Philadelphia: Lutheran Publication Society. ISBN 0-7905-8877-3.
• Norwegian Synod Historical Perspective: Monson, Ingvar Grøthe (1915). The Difference: A Popular Guide to Denominational History and Doctrine. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House.
• Slovak Synod Historical Perspective: Richter, V. W. (1913). Why Should a Lutheran Not Join Any Sectarian Church?. Streator, Illinois: Svedok Publishing House.
• WELS Perspective: Lange, Lyle W. (2006). God So Loved the World: A Study of Christian Doctrine. Northwestern Publishing House. ISBN 0-8100-1744-X.
• Comparison of about 50 Lutheran church bodies in America: Brug, John F. (2009). WELS & Other Lutherans (tol. la 2nd). Northwestern Publishing House. ISBN 0-8100-0543-3.

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Walutheri

• Historic Worship of the Lutheran Church Ilihifadhiwa 1 Desemba 2008 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• Moldehnke, Edward F. "Was ist denn eigentlich ein Lutheraner?" Evangelish-Lutherisches Gemeinde-Blatt. Vol. 1, nos. 8–10 (1866). Trans. Nathaniel J. Biebert. "So What Actually Is a Lutheran?" Studium Excitare. Issue #12 (2010).
• A historical study of the Laestadian Lutheran Church, the SRK, and Conservative Laestadianism. [1]

Makala hii kuhusu dini ya Ukristo bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Walutheri kama historia yake, matokeo au athari zake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.