Utajiri

(Elekezwa kutoka Tajiri)

Utajiri (kutoka neno la Kiarabu) ni wingi wa vitu vya thamani na wa vyanzo vya mapato ambavyo nchi au mtu wanamiliki.[1]

Lundo la pesa ni ishara ya utajiri.

Ingawa kimsingi ni suala la uchumi, unahusika sana na maadili, kwa kuwa mali zinaweza kutumika vizuri au vibaya, hasa upande wa haki za watu wengine, ambao pia wanahitaji kiasi fulani cha vitu ili kuishi.[2][3]

Umoja wa Mataifa umepitisha kauli ya Kiingereza inclusive wealth kwa kujumlisha humo hata mambo yenye faida ambayo ni ya kiuasilia (kama vile ardhi na vyote vilivyomo), ya kibinadamu (watu pamoja na elimu, vipawa n.k. walivyonavyo) n.k. (k.mf. miundombinu: mashine, majengo n.k.)[4][5]

Hali halisi hariri

Karibu 90% za mali duniani zimo mikononi mwa wakazi wa Amerika Kaskazini, Ulaya na nchi tajiri za Asia na Australia (si India).[6]

Mwaka 2008, 1% ya watu wazima walikadiriwa kumiliki 40% za utajiri wote duniani.[7] Kumbe mwaka 2013, 1% hiyohiyo ilikadiriwa kumiliki 46%.[8][9]

Kwa sasa, nchi tajiri zaidi duniani katika suala la pato la taifa kwa kila mtu ni Marekani.

Tangu mwaka 2011, China ni nchi ya pili kwa uchumi mkubwa duniani.[10]

Mwaka 2013 Qatar ilikuwa nchi tajiri zaidi duniani kwa kigezo cha wastani wa mapato ya wakazi.[11]

Utajiri na dini hariri

Utafiti juu ya uhusiano wa utajiri na dini umeonyesha kwamba kwa kawaida kadiri nchi ilivyo tajiri wakazi wake hawajali dini.[12]

Pamoja na hayo, Wakristo ni matajiri kuliko wafuasi wa dini nyingine zote, wakimiliki 55% za mali zote duniani.[13]

Tanbihi hariri

  1. Denis "Authentic Development: Is it Sustainable?", pp. 189-205 in Building Sustainable Societies, Dennis Pirages, ed., M. E. Sharpe, ISBN 1-56324-738-0, ISBN 978-1-56324-738-5. (1996)
  2. Kronman, Anthony T. (March 1980). "Wealth Maximization as a Normative Principle" 9. The Journal of Legal Studies. doi:10.1086/467637. 
  3. Robert L. Heilbroner, 1987 [2008. The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 4, pp. 880-83. Brief preview link.
  4. Sponsored by (June 30, 2012). Free exchange: The real wealth of nations. The Economist. Iliwekwa mnamo July 14, 2012.
  5. Inclusive Wealth Report - IHDP. Ihdp.unu.edu (July 9, 2012). Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 2012-06-30. Iliwekwa mnamo July 14, 2012.
  6. James B. Davies, Susanna Sandström, Anthony Shorrocks, and Edward N. Wolff. (2008). The World Distribution of Household Wealth, p8. UNU-WIDER.
  7. James B. Davies, Susanna Sandström, Anthony Shorrocks, and Edward N. Wolff. (2008). The World Distribution of Household Wealth. UNU-WIDER.
  8. Global Wealth Report 2013. Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 2015-02-14. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-02-03.
  9. Tax on the "private" billions now stashed away in havens enough to end extreme world poverty twice over. Oxfam International (May 22, 2013). Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 2015-12-23. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-02-03.
  10. China's economy is now the world's second largest. Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 2022-01-24. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-01-24.
  11. Persian Gulf 2013: India's Relations With the Region - Page 171, P.R. Kumaraswamy - 2014
  12. Survey Reports. World Publics Welcome Global Trade — But Not Immigration | Pew Global Attitudes Project. Pewglobal.org. Iliwekwa mnamo 2011-10-21.
  13. Christians hold largest percentage of global wealth: Report. deccanherald.com (2015-01-14).