Makanisa ya Kikelti

Makanisa wa Kikelti (au Ukristo wa Kikelti (kwa Kiingereza Celtic Christianity) yalikuweko katika visiwa vya Britania kuanzia karne ya 3 hadi mwanzo wa Karne za kati.

Msalaba wa Kikelti huko Knock, Ireland. Unapatikana katika sanaa ya Wakristo Wakelti hasa Eire, lakini pia katika sehemu kadhaa za kisiwa cha Britania kama vile juu ya makaburi na katika makanisa.

Jina

Jina linatokana na lugha ya Wakelti, wakazi asili wa visiwa hivyo.

Upekee wake

Tofauti kati ya Ukristo wa huko na ule wa Ulaya bara zinapimwa na wataalamu kwa namna mbalimbali. Siku hizi wengi wanaona hazikuwa kubwa sana. Kati yake kuna siku iliyopangwa kuadhimisha Pasaka, namna ya kunyoa wamonaki, utaratibu wa kitubio na juhudi za kuhama nchi ya kuzaliwa "kwa ajili ya Kristo".

Juhudi hizo za mwisho zilifanya hasa wamonaki kutoka visiwani waeneze desturi za Kikelti barani Ulaya; muhimu zaidi kati yake ni ile ya kuungama mara kwa mara kwa padri ili kutunza daima moyo safi.

Hatima

Ukristo wa Kikelti ulipata pigo kubwa katika Sinodi ya Whitby (664), ambapo ufalme wa Northumbria uliamua kufuata desturi za Kanisa la Roma.

Marejeo

Vyanzo vya awali

• Adomnan, Life of Columba, ed. A. O. and M. O. Anderson, 2nd edition (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1991)
• Annales Cambriae, ed. Rev. John Williams ab Ithel (London : Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, 1860)
• Bede, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Angelorum, in Venerabilis Baedae Opera Historica, ed. C. Plummer (Oxford, 1896)
• Cummian, De controversia paschali and De ratione conputandi, eds. Maura Walsh and Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1988), pp. 93–5.
• Gildas, De Excidio Brittaniae, ed. J. A. Giles, Six Old English Chronicles (London, 1848)
• Historia Brittonum, ed. J. A. Giles, Six Old English Chronicles (London, 1848)
• Medieval Handbooks of Penance, eds. J. T. McNeill and H. M. Gamer (New York: Columba University Press, 1939)
• Patrick (Saint), Confessio, ed. and trans. John Skinner (Image, 1998)
• Baring-Gould, S. (Sabine), The Lives of the British Saints,(1907) scanned by Google (alphabetized)

Vyanzo vingine

• Bradley, Ian (1999). Celtic Christianity: Making Myths and Chasing Dreams. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0748610472. Iliwekwa mnamo 9 Mei 2013.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Brown, Peter. The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003).
• Cahill, Thomas. How the Irish Saved Civilization (Anchor, 1996). ISBN 0-385-41849-3
• Charles-Edwards. T. M. Early Christian Ireland (Cambridge, 2000).
• Corning, Caitlin (2006). The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church. Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7299-0. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)
• Cróinín, Dáibhí Ó. Early Medieval Ireland: 400–1200 (London, 1995).
• Davies, Wendy. "The Myth of the Celtic Church", in The Early Church in Wales and the West, Oxbow Monograph, no. 16, edited by Nancy Edwards and Alan Lane, 12–21. (Oxford: Oxbow, 1992).
• Herren, Michael W.; Brown, Shirley Ann (2002). Christ in Celtic Christianity. Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-889-7.
• Hughes, Kathleen (1981). The Celtic Church: Is This a Valid Concept? O'Donnell lectures in Celtic Studies, University of Oxford 1975. Juz. la 1. ku. 1–20. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
• Hughes, Kathleen (1966). The Church in Early Irish Society. London. ISBN 1-59740-067-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Hughes, Kathleen (2005). "The Church in Early Irish Society: 400–800". In Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí. A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland. Oxford University Press.

      . http://books.google.com/books?id=DgqOOkVrofcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Google Books link 2

• Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |coauthors= na |month= (help)
• Lloyd, John Edward (1912). A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. Iliwekwa mnamo 17 Mei 2010. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• McCarthy, Daniel (2003). "On the Shape of the Insular Tonsure" (PDF). Celtica. 24: 140–167. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2009-03-26. Iliwekwa mnamo 18 Juni 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= na |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Nordenfalk, Carl. Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600–800. New York: George Braziller, 1977.
• Pächt, Otto. Book Illumination in the Middle Ages (trans fr German), 1986, Harvey Miller Publishers, London, ISBN 0-19-921060-8
• Ryan, John. Irish Monasticism, Origins and Early Development, Talbot Press, Dublin, 1931
• Sharpe, Richard. ‘Some problems concerning the organisation of the Church in early medieval Ireland’, Peritia 3 (1984).
• Wormald, Patrick. The Times of Bede: Studies in Early English Christian Society and its Historian, ed. Stephen Baxter (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006).
• Yorke, Barbara (2006). The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800. London: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-77292-3.
• Youngs, Susan, mhr. (1989). 'The Work of Angels', Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork, 6th–9th centuries AD. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-0554-6.

Marejeo mengine

• Cahill, Thomas (1996). How the Irish Saved Civilization. Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-41849-3.
• Corning, Caitlin (2006). The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7299-0.
• Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd edition (London: B. T. Batsford Ltd, 1991).

Makala hii kuhusu dini ya Ukristo bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Makanisa ya Kikelti kama historia yake, matokeo au athari zake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.