Junipero Serra

Junipero Serra, O.F.M. (jina la kiraia lilikuwa Miquel Josep Serra i Ferrer; Petra, Majorca, Hispania, 24 Novemba 1713 - misheni ya San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo, California, Hispania Mpya, leo nchini Marekani, 28 Agosti 1784) alikuwa mtawa, padri na mmisionari wa Kanisa Katoliki.

Junipero Serra alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 61 (1774).

Alianzisha misheni moja katika Baja California na nyingine 9 kati ya 21 za kwanza kati ya San Diego na San Francisco, Marekani. Walengwa wakuu wa misheni hizo walikuwa Waindio, ambao aliwainjilisha kwa lugha zao pamoja na kutetea kwa nguvu haki za maskini, bila kujali matatizo na magumu mengi.

Alitangazwa na Papa Yohane Paulo II kuwa mwenye heri tarehe 25 Septemba 1988, halafu na Papa Fransisko kuwa mtakatifu tarehe 23 Septemba 2015.

Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe 28 Agosti au 1 Julai .

Sanamu ya Junípero Serra akiwa na Juaneño, mtoto Mwindio), Havana, Cuba.

Tazama pia

• Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale
• Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo
• Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika
• Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko

Maandishi yake

• Writings of Junípero Serra, ed. and trans. by Antonine Tibesar, 4 vols. (Washington, D.C,. 1955-66).

Marejeo

• Castillo, Elias (2015). A Cross of Thorns: The Enslavement of California's Indians by the Spanish Missions. Quill Driver Books. ISBN 978-1-61035-242-0.
• Clifford, Christian (2015). Saint Junípero Serra: Making Sense of the History and Legacy. CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1511862295.
• Cook, Sherburne Friend (1976-10-28). The conflict between the California Indian and white civilization. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03142-5.; Cook did not discuss Serra but looked at the missions as a system
• Deverell, William Francis; William Deverell; David Igler (2008-10-31). A Companion to California History. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-6183-1.
• Fitch, Abigail Hetzel (1914). Junipero Serra: The Man and His Work.
• Fogel, Daniel (1988-02-01). Junipero Serra, the Vatican, and Enslavement Theology. ISM Press. ISBN 978-0-910383-25-7.
• Geiger, Maynard J. The Life and Times of Fray Junipero Serra, OFM (2 vol 1959) 8 leading scholarly biography
• Geiger, Maynard. "Fray Junípero Serra: Organizer and Administrator of the Upper California Missions, 1769-1784," California Historical Society Quarterly (1963) 42#3 pp 195-220.
• Gleiter, Jan (1991). Junipero Serra.
• Guest, Francis P. "Junipero Serra and His Approach to the Indians," Southern California Quarterly, (1985) 67#3 pp 223-261; favorable to Serra
• Hackel, Steven W. "The Competing Legacies of Junípero Serra: Pioneer, saint, villain," Common-Place (2005) 5#2 Archived 19 Aprili 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
• Hackel, Steven W. Junípero Serra: California's Founding Father (2013)
• Hackel, Steven W. Children of Coyote, Missionaries of St. Francis: Indian-Spanish Relations in Colonial California, 1769-1850 (2005)
• Sandos, James A. (2004). Converting California: Indians and Franciscans in the Missions. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10100-3.
• Luzbetak, Lewis J. "If Junipero Serra Were Alive: Missiological-Anthropological Theory Today," Americas, (1985) 42: 512-19, argues that Serra's intense commitment to saving the souls of the Indians would qualify him as an outstanding missionary by 20th century standards.
• Orfalea, Gregory (2014). Journey to the Sun: Junipero Serra's Dream and the Founding of California. Scribner. ISBN 978-1-4516-4272-8.

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Junipero Serra

• The Humanity of Junípero Serra, an article by Thomas Davis at the Serra International official website
• Firing Line with William F. Buckley: Saint or Sinner: Junipero Serra (March 17, 1989) Edward Castillo and the Rev. Noel Maholy talk with William F. Buckley after Serra's beatification.
• Official Santa Barbara Mission-Archive Library website
•  "Junípero Serra". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.

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