Karolo Nyundo (kwa Kifaransa: Charles Martel; 688 hivi[2]22 Oktoba 741) alikuwa waziri mkuu na jemadari[3] wa ufalme wa Wafaranki na alitawala tangu mwaka 718 hadi kifo chake.[4][5][6]

Sanamu yake katika Palace of Versailles[1]

Mtoto wa Pepin wa Herstal na Alpaida[7], akawa baba wa Pepin Mfupi na babu wa Karolo Mkuu walioendeleza juhudi zake hadi kuunda upya Dola la Roma Magharibi[8].

Ni maarufu hasa kwa ushindi wake katika mapigano ya Tours na Poitiers tarehe 10 Oktoba 732 dhidi ya Waarabu waliovamia Ufaransa.

Tanbihi

hariri
  1. This sculpture was located in the Palace of Versailles. By Debaye, pere, sculpted marble, 1839, first displayed at the Salon in 1839. Height 2.09 m. Soulié (1855), op. cit.
  2. Paul Fouracre, The Age of Charles Martel, (Routledge, 2000), ix.
  3. Late Merovingian France : history and hagiography, 640-720. Fouracre, Paul., Gerberding, Richard A. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 1996. uk. 93. ISBN 0719047900. OCLC 32699266.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  4. Schulman, Jana K. (2002). The Rise of the Medieval World, 500–1300: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. uk. 101. ISBN 0-313-30817-9.
  5. Cawthorne, Nigel (2004). Military Commanders: The 100 Greatest Throughout History. Enchanted Lion Books. ku. 52–53. ISBN 1-59270-029-2.
  6. Kibler, William W.; Zinn, Grover A. (1995). Medieval France: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ku. 205–206. ISBN 0-8240-4444-4.
  7. Commire, Anne, mhr. (2002). "Alphaida (c. 654–c. 714)". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications. ISBN 0-7876-4074-3. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-09-24. Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-10-05. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |= ignored (help)
  8. Fouracre, Paul (2000) The Age of Charles Martel, London, GBR: Longman, see ISBN 0-582-06475-9, see [1], accessed 2 August 2015.

Viungo vya nje

hariri
 
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