Picha takatifu

Picha takatifu (pia "ikona" kutoka Kigiriki εἰκών, eikōn "picha" kwa kupitia Kiingereza icon) kwa kawaida ni mchoro unaoheshimiwa kidini hasa katika Ukristo wa Mashariki lakini pia katika madhehebu mbalimbali ya Ukristo wa Magharibi, kama vile Kanisa la Kilatini.

Ngazi ya Kupanda kwa Mungu ni picha ya karne ya 12 inayoonyesha wamonaki wakipanda kwa Yesu mbinguni, Monasteri ya Mt. Katerina, Sinai.

Picha ya Kirusi ya Utatu Mtakatifu iliyoiga ile maarufu ya Andrei Rublev.

"Ushindi wa Imani Sahihi" dhidi ya wapingapicha chini ya malkia Theodora na mwanae kaisari Mikaeli III. Picha takatifu ya karne ya 14 mwishoni – 15 mwanzoni.

Picha ya Mt. Nikolasi iliyochongwa jiweni kati ya karne ya 12 na karne ya 15, Radomysl Castle, Ukraine

Mara nyingi picha hizo zinamhusu Yesu, Bikira Maria, watakatifu wengine, malaika na msalaba.

"Sanaa ya Kikristo" inatajwa kwanza kati ya karne ya 2 na karne ya 3 katika maandishi ya Tertuliani (160 hivi - 220) na Klemens wa Aleksandria (150 hivi - 212).

Matumizi ya picha hizo yalipingwa na baadhi ya Wakristo, hasa wa mashariki, baada ya Uislamu kutokea na kuenea katika maeneo yao. Hapo kaisari Leo III wa dola la Roma Mashariki alikataza picha hizo ili kujilinganisha na Waislamu na kujenga uhusiano mzuri nao.

Kumbe wamonaki na Wakristo wengine wengi walipinga katazo hilo. Ndio mwanzo wa mabishano makubwa yasiyoishia katika hoja na maandishi, bali yalichukua uhai wa watu, hasa waliodhulumiwa na serikali.

Hatimaye Mtaguso wa pili wa Nisea (787) ulithibitisha uhalali wa picha hizo na wa heshima ambazo zinapewa, kama ulivyotetewa hasa na mtakatifu Mwarabu Yohane wa Damasko.

Pamoja na kwamba picha takatifu zinasema na mioyo ya waamini wanyofu, mara nyingi utaalamu wa ikonografia unahitajika hasa katika kufafanua picha takatifu za Ukristo wa Mashariki, kwa kuwa hizo hazilengi kuiga sura halisi zinavyoonekana na macho, bali kudokeza mafumbo ya imani ili kuona yasiyoonekana.

Marejeo

• Beckwith, John, Early Christian and Byzantine Art, Penguin History of Art (now Yale), 2nd edn. 1979, ISBN 0-14-056033-5

Marejeo mengine

• Evans, Helen C. (2004). Byzantium: faith and power (1261-1557). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 1-58839-113-2. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help)
• Evans, Helen C. & Wixom, William D (1997). The glory of Byzantium: art and culture of the Middle Byzantine era, A.D. 843-1261. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0-8109-6507-2. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Viungo vya nje

Waorthodoksi

• Orthodox Iconography by Elias Damianakis
• A Discourse in Iconography by St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco Archived 11 Septemba 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• The Iconic and Symbolic in Orthodox Iconography
• Icon & worship - Icons of Karakallou Monastery, Mt.Athos Archived 18 Aprili 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
• Contemporary Byzantine icon studio, iconography school and orthodox resources Archived 15 Mei 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• Iconography Guide -free eLearning site Archived 1 Agosti 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
• Orthodox iconography by Fr. Theodore Koufos Archived 8 Mei 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• On the difference of Western Religious Art and Orthodox Iconography Archived 9 Oktoba 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
• Church of the Nativity - Explanation of Orthodox Christian Icons
• Concerning the Veneration of Icons
• Holy Icons: Theology in Color (Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese)
• Icons by Sergei Fyodorov

Wakatoliki

• "Veneration of Images" article from The Catholic Encyclopedia
• Age of spirituality : late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Picha

• Icons of Mount Athos
• Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America: Icons
• Gallery of icons, murals and mosaics (mostly Russian) from 11th to 20th century
• www.eikonografos.com A huge collection of Byzantine Icons
• Contemporary Orthodox Byzantine style murals. Large gallery. Archived 15 Mei 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

Makala hii kuhusu dini ya Ukristo bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Picha takatifu kama historia yake, matokeo au athari zake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.