Justiniani I

(Elekezwa kutoka Justinian I)

Justiniani I au Justiniani Mkuu (jina kamili kwa Kilatini: Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Augustus; kwa Kigiriki Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ἰουστινιανός, Flávios Pétros Sabbátios Ioustinianós; Tauresium, Dardania,[1] leo nchini Masedonia Kaskazini[2] takriban 482 - Konstantinopoli, leo nchini Uturuki, 14 Novemba, 565) alikuwa kaisari wa Dola la Bizanti kuanzia mwaka wa 527 hadi kifo chake.

Justiniani I anavyoonekana katika mozaiki ya wakati wake katika Basilika la San Vitale, Ravenna, Italia.

Justiniani alijitahidi kurudisha Dola la Roma katika fahari yake ya zamani (renovatio imperii, yaani kufanya upya dola) na kwa ajili hiyo alipigania upande wa magharibi dhidi ya wavamizi. Hata hivyo alifaulu kiasi tu.[3]

Mke wake na malkia wa Bizanti aliitwa Theodora; aliaga dunia mwaka wa 548. Hawakuwa na watoto walioishi. Hivyo Justiniani I alifuatwa kama kaisari na mpwa wake Justin II.

Huheshimiwa na Wakristo Waorthodoksi na Walutheri kama mtakatifu.

Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe 14 Novemba au 27 Novemba[4].

Tazama pia hariri

Tanbihi hariri

  1. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2008, ISBN|1593394926, p. 1007.
  2. History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, Volume 2, J. B. Bury, Cosimo, Inc., 2008, ISBN|1605204056, p. 7.
  3. J. F. Haldon, Byzantium in the seventh century (Cambridge, 2003), 17–19.
  4. In various Eastern Orthodox Churches, including the Orthodox Church in America, Justinian and his empress Theodora are commemorated on the anniversary of his death, 14 November. Some denominations translate the Julian calendar date to 27 November on the Gregorian calendar. The Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and the Lutheran Church–Canada also remember Justinian on November 14.

Vyanzo hariri

  • Procopii Caesariensis opera omnia. Edited by J. Haury; revised by G. Wirth. 3 vols. Leipzig: Teubner, 1962–64. Greek text.
  • Procopius. Edited by H. B. Dewing. 7 vols. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press and London, Hutchinson, 1914–40. Greek text and English translation.
  • Procopius, The Secret History, translated by G.A. Williamson. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1966. A readable and accessible English translation of the Anecdota.
  • Elizabeth Jeffreys, Michael Jeffreys, Roger Scott et al. 1986, The Chronicle of John Malalas: A Translation, Byzantina Australiensia 4 (Melbourne: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies) ISBN|0-9593626-2-2
  • Edward Walford, translator (1846) The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius: A History of the Church from AD 431 to AD 594, Reprinted 2008. Evolution Publishing, ISBN|978-1-889758-88-6.

Marejeo mengine hariri

  • Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 
  • Bury, J. B. (1958). History of the later Roman Empire 2. New York (reprint). 
  • Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. The Church in history 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88-141056-3. 
  • Cameron, Averil et al.(eds.) (2000). "Justinian Era". The Cambridge Ancient History (Second ed.) (Cambridge) 14. 
  • Cumberland Jacobsen, Torsten (2009). The Gothic War. Westholme. 
  • Dixon, Pierson (1958). The Glittering Horn: Secret Memoirs of the Court of Justinian. 
  • Evans, James Allan (2005). The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32582-0. 
  • Garland, Lynda (1999). Byzantine empresses: women and power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204. London: Routledge. 
  • Maas, Michael (ed.) (2005). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian. Cambridge. 
  • Meier, Mischa (2003). Das andere Zeitalter Justinians. Kontingenz Erfahrung und Kontingenzbewältigung im 6. Jahrhundert n. Chr. (in German). Gottingen. 
  • Meier, Mischa (2004). Justinian. Herrschaft, Reich, und Religion (in German). Munich. 
  • Moorhead, John (1994). Justinian. London. 
  • Rosen, William (2007). Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe. Viking Adult. ISBN 978-0-670-03855-8. 
  • Rubin, Berthold (1960). Das Zeitalter Iustinians. Berlin.  – German standard work; partially obsolete, but still useful.
  • Sarris, Peter (2006). Economy and society in the age of Justinian. Cambridge. 
  • Ure, PN (1951). Justinian and his Age. Penguin, Harmondsworth. 
  • Vasiliev, A. A. (1952). History of the Byzantine Empire (Second ed.). Madison. 
  • Sidney Dean, Duncan B. Campbell, Ian Hughes, Ross Cowan, Raffaele D'Amato, and Christopher Lillington-Martin, ed. (Jun–Jul 2010). "Justinian's fireman: Belisarius and the Byzantine empire". Ancient Warfare IV (3). 

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