Holmi
Holmi (Holmium) ni elementi ya kimetali yenye alama Ho na namba atomia 67, maana yake kiini cha Holmi kina protoni 67 ndani yake. Uzani atomia ni 164.930[1]. Katika jedwali la elementi inahesabiwa kati ya lanthanidi na metali za ardhi adimu.
 | |
| Jina la Elementi | |
| Alama | Ho |
| Namba atomia | 67 |
| Mfululizo safu | Lanthanidi |
| Uzani atomia | 164.930 |
| Valensi | 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 |
| Densiti | 8.79 g/cm3 |
| Kiwango cha kuyeyuka | °K 1734 |
| Kiwango cha kuchemka | °K 2873 |
Holmi ilitambuliwa kama elementi ya pekee nchini Uswidi na mwanakemia Per Theodor Cleve kwenye mwaka 1878. Aliikuta kama taka ndani ya oksidi ya Erbi, pamoja na Thuli. Cleve alichagua jina la Holmi kwa heshima ya mji Stockholm alikozaliwa. [2] [3] [4]
Holmi safi ni metali laini. Kiasili Holmi haipatikani kwa hali safi kwa sababu inatendana kirahisi na kemikali nyingine. Lakini inapatikana ndani ya madini monaziti na gadoliniti.[5] Maeneo makuu ya madini ni China, Marekani, Brazil, Uhindi, Sri Lanka, na Australia na akiba ya holmi inakadiriwa kuwa tani 400,000. [6]
Baada ya kusafishwa inakaa katika hewa kavu kwa halijoto ya kawaida. Ikifikia nyuzijoto °C 150 inawaka.
Holmi huwa na nguvu kubwa ya usumaku, na hapo inapita elementi zote nyingine. Kwa sababu hiyo hutumiwa kuzalisha sumaku zenye nguvu kuu. [7]
Marejeo
hariri- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305
- ↑ Marshall, James L. Marshall; Marshall, Virginia R. Marshall (2015). "Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare Earths–The Confusing Years" (PDF). The Hexagon: 72–77. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Desemba 2019.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Holmium". Royal Society of Chemistry. 2020. Iliwekwa mnamo 4 Januari 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Stwertka, Albert (1998). A guide to the elements (tol. la 2nd). Oxford University Press. uk. 161. ISBN 0-19-508083-1.
- ↑ Hudson Institute of Mineralogy (1993–2018). "Mindat.org". www.mindat.org. Iliwekwa mnamo 14 Januari 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ John Emsley (2001). Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements. US: Oxford University Press. ku. 181–182. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.
- ↑ R. W. Hoard; S. C. Mance; R. L. Leber; E. N. Dalder; M. R. Chaplin; K. Blair; D. H. Nelson; D. A. Van Dyke (1985). "Field enhancement of a 12.5-T magnet using holmium poles". IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 21 (2): 448–450. Bibcode:1985ITM....21..448H. doi:10.1109/tmag.1985.1063692.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|displayauthors=ignored (|display-authors=suggested) (help)
Viungo vya nje
hariri
- WebElements.com – Holmium (also used as a reference)
- American Elements – Holmium Ilihifadhiwa 23 Juni 2012 kwenye Wayback Machine. American Elements (also used as a reference)
- Holmium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
|
Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya kemia bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Holmi kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |