Mchezaji bora wa mwaka wa FIFA

Mchezaji bora wa mwaka ilikuwa tuzo iliyotolewa kila mwaka na mamlaka husika ya mchezo wa mpira wa miguu, FIFA kwa mchezaji bora duniani kati ya miaka 1991 na 2015. Makocha na manahodha wa timu za kimataifa na wawakilishi wa vyombo vya habari walichagua mchezaji waliodhani alionyesha kiwango bora kwa mwaka uliopita.

Mwanzoni tuzo moja ya mchezaji bora wa kiume wa mwaka ulimwenguni, sambamba kwa wanaume na wanawake zilitolewa kati ya 2001–2009. Tuzo ya wanaume ilibadilishwa kuwa Ballon d'Or ya FIFA mnamo 2010 wakati tuzo za wanawake zilibakia hivyo mpaka 2015. Baada ya 2015 tuzo zote za wanaume na wanawake zilikuwa sehemu ya Tuzo bora za FIFA za mpira wa miguu.

Wakati wa enzi ya tuzo za wanaume, wachezaji wa Brazil walishinda mara 8 ndani ya miaka 19, ukilinganisha na ushindi mara tatu – kwa mara mbili – kwa wachezaji wa Ufaransa. Kwa upande wa mchezaji mmoja mmoja, Brazil iliongoza tena kwa ushindi wa tuzo mara tano, wakifauatiwa na Italia na Ureno walioshinda mara mbili kila mmoja.[1][2] Mshindi mdogo Zaidi alikuwa Ronaldo, alishinda tuzo akiwa na miaka 20 mnamo 1996, na mshindi mkongwe Zaidi alikua Fabio Cannavaro, aliyeshinda akiwa na miaka 33 mnamo.[3][4] Ronaldo na Zinedine Zidane kila mmoja ameshinda tuzo mara tatu, wakati Ronaldo na Ronaldinho]] ndio wachezaji pekee walioshinda tuzo kwa miaka mfululizo. Kuanzia 2010 mpaka 2015, tuzo sawa kwa wanaume ilikuwa FIFA Ballon d'Or, kufuatia kuungana kwa tuzo ya FIFA mchezaji bora wa mwaka duniani na France Football Ballon d'Or .[5][6] Tokea 2016, tuzo hizo zilibadilishwa na kuwa Best FIFA Men's Player na Best FIFA Wanawake's Player.[7]

Wachezaji nane wa kike – watatu wa Ujerumani, wa tatu wa Marekani , mmoja wa Brazil, na mmoja wa japan– wameshinda tuzo hiyo. Marta, mpokeaji mdogo wa kike katika umri wa miaka 20 mnamo 2006, Ameshinda mara tano mfululizo tuzo hizo, na mara nyingi Zaidi kuliko mchezaji mwingine. Birgit Prinz ameshinda mara tatu mfululizo na Mia Hamm ameshinda mara mbili mfululizo. Mshindi mkongwe Zaidi ni Nadine Angerer, aliyekuwa na miaka 35 aliposhinda tuzo hiyo; ndiye pekee mlinda mlango kwa jinsia zote kuwahi kushinda tuzo hiyo.

Upigaji kura na mchakato wa uchaguzi

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Washindi huchaguliwa na makocha na manahodha wa timu za taifa pamoja na wawakilishi wa vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa walioalikwa na FIFA. [8] Kwenye mfumo wa kupiga kura uliyo katika missing ya positional voting, kila mpiga kura hugawiwa kura tatu, zenye thamani ya alama tano , alama tatu na alama moja, na tatu bora hupangwa kulingana na idadi ya alama. Kufuatia ukosoaji kutoka sehemu ya vyombo vya habari juu ya uteuzi katika miaka iliyopita , FIFA ilianza kutoa majina ya walioteuliwa kwa ajili ya kupigiwa kura kuanzia 2004.[9]

Mchezaji bora wa mwaka Ulimwenguni

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Ronaldo (kushoto) na Zinedine Zidane (kulia ) kila mmoja alishinda tuzo mara tatu.
Mwaka Daraja Mchezaji Timu
1991 1st   Lothar Matthäus   Inter Milan
2nd   Jean-Pierre Papin   Marseille
3rd   Gary Lineker   Tottenham Hotspur
1992 1st   Marco van Basten   Milan
2nd   Hristo Stoichkov   Barcelona
3rd   Thomas Häßler   Roma
1993 1st   Roberto Baggio   Juventus
2nd   Romário   Barcelona
3rd   Dennis Bergkamp   Internazionale
1994 1st   Romário   Barcelona
2nd   Hristo Stoichkov   Barcelona
3rd   Roberto Baggio   Juventus
1995 1st   George Weah[note 1]   Milan
2nd   Paolo Maldini   Milan
3rd   Jürgen Klinsmann[note 2]   Bayern Munich
1996 1st   Ronaldo[note 3]   Barcelona
2nd   George Weah   Milan
3rd   Alan Shearer[note 4]   Newcastle United
1997 1st   Ronaldo   Inter Milan
2nd   Roberto Carlos   Real Madrid
3rd   Dennis Bergkamp   Arsenal
  Zinedine Zidane   Juventus
1998 1st   Zinedine Zidane   Juventus
2nd   Ronaldo   Internazionale
3rd Kigezo:Country data CRO Davor Šuker   Real Madrid
1999 1st   Rivaldo   Barcelona
2nd   David Beckham   Manchester United
3rd   Gabriel Batistuta   Fiorentina
2000 1st   Zinedine Zidane   Juventus
2nd   Luís Figo[note 5]   Real Madrid
3rd   Rivaldo   Barcelona
2001 1st   Luís Figo   Real Madrid
2nd   David Beckham   Manchester United
3rd   Raúl   Real Madrid
2002 1st   Ronaldo[note 6]   Real Madrid
2nd   Oliver Kahn   Bayern Munich
3rd   Zinedine Zidane   Real Madrid
2003 1st   Zinedine Zidane   Real Madrid
2nd   Thierry Henry   Arsenal
3rd   Ronaldo   Real Madrid
2004 1st   Ronaldinho   Barcelona
2nd   Thierry Henry   Arsenal
3rd   Andriy Shevchenko   Milan
2005 1st   Ronaldinho   Barcelona
2nd   Frank Lampard   Chelsea
3rd   Samuel Eto'o   Barcelona
2006 1st   Fabio Cannavaro[note 7]   Real Madrid
2nd   Zinedine Zidane   Real Madrid
3rd   Ronaldinho   Barcelona
2007 1st   Kaká   Milan
2nd   Lionel Messi   Barcelona
3rd   Cristiano Ronaldo   Manchester United
2008 1st   Cristiano Ronaldo   Manchester United
2nd   Lionel Messi   Barcelona
3rd   Fernando Torres   Liverpool
2009 1st   Lionel Messi   Barcelona
2nd   Cristiano Ronaldo[note 8]   Real Madrid
3rd   Xavi   Barcelona

Source:[1]

Kutokea 2010 mpaka 2015, tuzo iliunganishwa na Ballon d'Or ili kuwa Ballon d'Or ya FIFA ndani ya ushirikiano wa miaka sita na Shirikisho la mpira wa miguu Ufaransa. Mwaka 2016, FIFA ilibadili tuzo hizo kuwa Mchezaji bora wa kiume wa FIFA.

Ushindi kwa mchezaji

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mchezaji shindi mshindi wa pili mshindi wa tatu
  Zinedine Zidane 3 (1998, 2000, 2003) 1 (2006) 2 (1997, 2002)
  Ronaldo 3 (1996, 1997, 2002) 1 (1998) 1 (2003)
  Ronaldinho 2 (2004, 2005) 1 (2006)
  Lionel Messi 1 (2009) 2 (2007, 2008)
  Cristiano Ronaldo 1 (2008) 1 (2009) 1 (2007)
  Luís Figo 1 (2001) 1 (2000)
  Romário 1 (1994) 1 (1993)
  George Weah 1 (1995) 1 (1996)
  Roberto Baggio 1 (1993) 1 (1994)
  Rivaldo 1 (1999) 1 (2000)
  Lothar Matthäus 1 (1991)
  Marco van Basten 1 (1992)
  Fabio Cannavaro 1 (2006)
  Kaká 1 (2007)

Ushindi kwa nchi

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Nchi Wachezaji Jumla
  Brazil 5 8
  Argentina 2 2
  Italy 2 2
Kigezo:POR 2 2
  Ufaransa 1 3
  Ujerumani 1 1
  Uholanzi 1 1
  Liberia 1 1

Ushindi kwa vilabu

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Club Players Total
  Barcelona 5 6
  Real Madrid 4 4
  Milan 3 3
  Juventus 2 3
  Internazionale 2 2
  Manchester United 1 1

Mchezaji wa kike wa mwaka wa FIFA ulimwenguni

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mwaka daraja mchezaji Timu
2001 1st   Mia Hamm   Washington Freedom
2nd   Sun Wen   Atlanta Beat
3rd   Tiffeny Milbrett   New York Power
2002 1st   Mia Hamm   Washington Freedom
2nd   Birgit Prinz   1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd   Sun Wen   Atlanta Beat
2003 1st   Birgit Prinz   1. FFC Frankfurt
2nd   Mia Hamm   Washington Freedom
3rd   Hanna Ljungberg   Umeå IK
2004 1st   Birgit Prinz   1. FFC Frankfurt
2nd   Mia Hamm   Washington Freedom
3rd   Marta   Umeå IK
2005 1st   Birgit Prinz   1. FFC Frankfurt
2nd   Marta   Umeå IK
3rd   Shannon Boxx Unattached
2006 1st   Marta   Umeå IK
2nd   Kristine Lilly   KIF Örebro DFF
3rd   Renate Lingor   1. FFC Frankfurt
2007 1st   Marta   Umeå IK
2nd   Birgit Prinz   1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd   Cristiane   VfL Wolfsburg
2008 1st   Marta   Umeå IK
2nd   Birgit Prinz   1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd   Cristiane[note 9]   Corinthians
2009 1st   Marta[note 10]   Santos
2nd   Birgit Prinz   1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd   Kelly Smith[note 11]   Boston Breakers
2010 1st   Marta   Santos
2nd   Birgit Prinz   1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd   Fatmire Bajramaj   1. FFC Turbine Potsdam
2011 1st   Homare Sawa   INAC Kobe Leonessa
2nd   Marta[note 12]   Western New York Flash
3rd   Abby Wambach   magicJack
2012 1st   Abby Wambach Unattached
2nd   Marta   Tyresö FF
3rd   Alex Morgan   Seattle Sounders Wanawake
2013 1st   Nadine Angerer[note 13]   Brisbane Roar
2nd   Abby Wambach   Western New York Flash
3rd   Marta   Tyresö FF
2014 1st   Nadine Keßler   VfL Wolfsburg
2nd   Marta[note 14]   FC Rosengård
3rd   Abby Wambach   Western New York Flash
2015 1st   Carli Lloyd   Houston Dash
2nd   Célia Šašić   1. FFC Frankfurt
3rd   Aya Miyama   Okayama Yunogo Belle

Source:[1]

Mwaka 2016, FIFA ilianzisha mchezaji bora wa kike wa mwaka wa FIFA.

Ushindi kwa mchezaji

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mchezaji 1st 2nd 3rd
  Marta 5 (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) 4 (2005, 2011, 2012, 2014) 2 (2004, 2013)
  Birgit Prinz 3 (2003, 2004, 2005) 5 (2002, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010)
  Mia Hamm 2 (2001, 2002) 2 (2003, 2004)
  Abby Wambach 1 (2012) 1 (2013) 2 (2011, 2014)
  Homare Sawa 1 (2011)
  Nadine Angerer 1 (2013)
  Nadine Keßler 1 (2014)
  Carli Lloyd 1 (2015)

Ushindi kwa nchi

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Nchi Wachezaji Jumla
  Ujerumani 3 5
  Brazil 1 5
  Marekani 3 4
  Japan 1 1

Ushindi kwa vilabu

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Klabu Wachezaji Jumla
  1. FFC Frankfurt 1 3
  Umeå IK 1 3
  Washington Freedom 1 2
  Santos 1 2
  INAC Kobe Leonessa 1 1
  Brisbane Roar 1 1
  VfL Wolfsburg 1 1
  Houston Dash 1 1

Tazama pia

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  1. Weah alisainiwa na Milan kutoka Paris Saint-Germain katikati mwa 1995.
  2. Klinsmann alisainiwa na Bayern Munich kutokea Tottenham Hotspur katikati mwa 1995.
  3. Ronaldo alisainiwa na Barcelona kutokea PSV Eindhoven katikati mwa 1996.
  4. Sheareralisainiwa alisainiwa na Newcastle United kutokea Blackburn Rovers katikati mwa 1996.
  5. Figo alisainiwa na Real Madrid from Barcelona katikati mwa 2000.
  6. Ronaldo alisainiwa na Real Madrid from Internazionale katikati mwa 2002.
  7. Cannavaro alisainiwa na Real Madrid kutokea Juventus katikati mwa 2006.
  8. Cristiano Ronaldo alisainiwa na Real Madrid kutokea Manchester United katikati mwa 2009.
  9. Cristiane alisainiwa na Corinthians kutokea Linköpings F.C. katikati mwa 2008.
  10. Marta alisainiwa na Santos kutokea Los Angeles Sol katikati mwa 2009.
  11. Smith alisainiwa na Boston Breakers kutokea Arsenal Ladies katikati mwa 2009.
  12. Marta alisainiwa na Western New York Flash kutokea Santos katikati mwa 2011.
  13. Angerer alisainiwa na Brisbane Roar kutokea 1. FFC Frankfurt katikati mwa 2013.
  14. Marta alisainiwa na FC Rosengård kutokea Tyresö FF katikati mwa 2014.

Marejeo

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "FACTSheet FIFA awards" (PDF). FIFA. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2016-01-22. Iliwekwa mnamo 19 Januari 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. "FIFA Awards". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 1 April 2013
  3. "Brazil legend Ronaldo retires from football". BBC. Retrieved 17 November 2013
  4. "Cannavaro discusses highs and lows" Archived 2013-12-16 at the Wayback Machine. Football Federation Australia. Retrieved 18 November 2013
  5. "The FIFA Ballon d'Or is born" Archived 18 Januari 2015 at the Wayback Machine.. FIFA.com. Retrieved 12 January 2016
  6. "FIFA Ballon d'Or World Player of the Year: Award History" Archived 7 Januari 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. FIFA.com. Retrieved 12 January 2016
  7. "The birth of The Best FIFA Football Awards". FIFA.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-11-05. Iliwekwa mnamo 24 Oktoba 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) Archived 5 Novemba 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. "Messi, Lloyd, Luis Enrique and Ellis triumph at FIFA Ballon d'Or 2015". FIFA. 11 Januari 2016. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-08-14. Iliwekwa mnamo 13 Januari 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) Archived 14 Agosti 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
  9. "FIFA.com - Thirty-five stars make Zurich shortlist". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-03-19. Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-10-08. Archived 19 Machi 2016 at the Wayback Machine.