Guatemala
Guatemala (pia Gwatemala; kutoka lugha ya Kinahuatl Cuauhtēmallān, "kwenye miti mingi") ni nchi ya Amerika ya Kati. Inapakana na Bahari ya Pasifiki upande wa Magharibi, na Atlantiki upande wa Mashariki, tena na nchi za Mexiko, Belize, Honduras na El Salvador.
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Kaulimbiu ya taifa: Kihispania: El País de la Eterna Primavera (maana yake: "Nchi ya Kivuli cha Milele") | |||||
Wimbo wa taifa: Himno Nacional de Guatemala | |||||
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Mji mkuu | Guatemala City | ||||
Mji mkubwa nchini | Guatemala City | ||||
Lugha rasmi | Kihispania (rasmi) (lugha za asili 23 zimetambuliwa rasmi lakini mambo yote huendeshwa kwa Kihispania) | ||||
Serikali | Jamhuri ya kirais Alejandro Giammattei | ||||
Uhuru Tarehe |
Kutoka Hispania 15 Septemba 1821 | ||||
Eneo - Jumla - Maji (%) |
108,890 km² (106th) 0.4 | ||||
Idadi ya watu - Julai 2014 kadirio - Msongamano wa watu |
17,980,803 (69th) 129/km² (85th) | ||||
Fedha | Quetzal (GTQ )
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Saa za eneo - Kiangazi (DST) |
(UTC-6) (UTC) | ||||
Intaneti TLD | .gt | ||||
Kodi ya simu | +502
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Eneo lake ni km2 108,889 ambamo wanaishi watu 17,980,803 (2023).
Watu Edit
Wakazi wengi (56%) ni machotara waliotokana na Waindio na Wazungu au watu wenye asili ya Ulaya tu. Waindio wenyewe ni 43.4%.
Lugha rasmi na inayotumika zaidi (69.9%) ni Kihispania, lakini zipo pia nyingine 23 za wakazi asili.
Upande wa dini, wakazi wengi ni wafuasi wa Yesu katika Kanisa Katoliki (45%) na madhehebu mengine ya Ukristo, hasa ya Uprotestanti (42%). Asilimia 11 hawana dini.
Tazama pia Edit
Marejeo Edit
- (2009) Turbulent Passage: A Global History of the Twentieth Century, 4th, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0205700325.
- Aguirre, Lily (1949). The land of eternal spring: Guatemala, my beautiful country. Patio Press, 253.
- Kigezo:Aut, Kigezo:Aut (1945). ¡Ecce Pericles! (in Spanish). Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional.
- Aycinena, Pedro de (1854). Concordato entre la Santa Sede y el presidente de la República de Guatemala (in Latín y Español). Guatemala: Imprenta La Paz.
- Baily, John (1850). Central America; Describing Each of the States of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. London: Trelawney Saunders, 55.
- Banco de Guatemala (29 December 1996). Ilustraciones de Cada una de las 11 Denominaciones. Anverso y Reverso (Spanish). Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 2007-06-07. Iliwekwa mnamo 22 September 2013.
- Calvert, Peter (1985). Guatemala: A Nation in Turmoil. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0865315723.
- Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Kigezo:Aut, Kigezo:Aut (2007). Bananas: How the United Fruit Company Shaped the World. NY: Canongate.
- Compagnie Belge de Colonisation (1844). Colonisation du district de Santo-Thomas de Guatemala par la Communauté de l'Union, Collection de renseignements publiés ou recueillis par la Compagnie (in French). Original held and digitised by the British Library.
- Conservation International (2007). Biodiversity Hotspots-Mesoamerica-Overview. Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 4 July 2008. Iliwekwa mnamo 1 February 2007.
- Cooper, Allan (2008). p. 171 The Geography of Genocide. University Press of America.
- Kigezo:Aut, Kigezo:Aut (2006). Voyage to an Unknown Land: The saga of an Italian Family from Lombardy to Guatemala.
- Kigezo:Aut, Kigezo:Aut (1993). Doing Business with the Dictators: A Political History of United Fruit in Guatemala. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc..
- Foster, Lynn V. (2000). A Brief History of Central America. New York, NY: Facts On File, Inc..
- Gleijeses, Piero (1992). Shattered hope: the Guatemalan revolution and the United States, 1944-1954. United States: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691025568.
- Kigezo:Aut, Kigezo:Aut. "Upcoming presidential elections", Guatemala: Guatemala. (Spanish)
- Kigezo:Aut, Kigezo:Aut. "Interview from Enrique Gómez Carrillo with His Excellency, President Manuel Estrada Cabrera". (Spanish)
- González Davison, Fernando (2008). La montaña infinita; Carrera, caudillo de Guatemala (in Spanish). Guatemala: Artemis y Edinter. ISBN 84-89452-81-4.
- Guateantaño (17 October 2011). Parques y plazas antiguas de Guatemala. Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 27 January 2015.
- Hernández de León, Federico. "El capítulo de las efemérides: José Milla y Rafael Carrera". (Spanish)
- Hernández de León, Federico (1930). El libro de las efemérides Tomo III (in Spanish). Guatemala: Tipografía Sánchez y de Guise.
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2014). Poblacion de Guatemala (Demografía) (Spanish). Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 14 March 2014.
- International Monetary Fund (2013). Guatemala. Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 5 July 2014. Iliwekwa mnamo 18 April 2013.
- Marroquín Rojas, Clemente (1971). Francisco Morazán y Rafael Carrera (in Spanish). Guatemala: Piedrasanta.
- Martínez Peláez, Severo (1988) (in Spanish). Racismo y Análisis Histórico de la Definición del Indio Guatemalteco. Guatemala: Universitaria.
- Martínez Peláez, Severo (1990). La patria del criollo; ensayo de interpretación de la realidad colonial guatemalteca (in Spanish). México: Ediciones en Marcha.
- Mendoza, Juan Manuel (1946). Biografía de Enrique Gómez Carrillo: su vida, su obra y su época, 2nd (in Spanish), Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional.
- Miceli, Keith (1974). "Rafael Carrera: Defender and Promoter of Peasant Interests in Guatemala, 1837–1848". The Americas (Academy of American Franciscan History) 31 (1).
- Minster, Christofer. Biography of Rafael Carrera Archived 19 Machi 2014 at the Wayback Machine..
- Kigezo:Aut, Kigezo:Aut. "Yo, el Supremo". Retrieved on 20 July 2014. (Spanish) Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
- Montúfar, Lorenzo (1892). El centenario del general Francisco Morazán (in Spanish). Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional.
- Rain Forest Wordpress (4 April 2013). Guatemala Rainforest Interesting fact | rainforest facts. Iliwekwa mnamo 22 September 2013.
- Rosa, Ramón (1974). Historia del Benemérito Gral. Don Francisco Morazán, ex Presidente de la República de Centroamérica (in Spanish). Tegucigalpa: Ministerio de Educación Pública, Ediciones Técnicas Centroamericana.
- Solano, Luis (2012). Contextualización histórica de la Franja Transversal del Norte (FTN). Centro de Estudios y Documentación de la Frontera Occidental de Guatemala, CEDFOG. Retrieved on 31 October 2014.
- (1854) Incidents of travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan. London, England: Arthur Hall, Virtue and Co..
- Taracena, Arturo (2011). Invención criolla, sueño ladino, pesadilla indigena, Los Altos de Guatemala: de región a Estado, 1740–1871, 3rd (in Spanish), Guatemala: Biblioteca básica de historia de Guatemala. ISBN 978-9929-587-42-7. Retrieved on 2015-02-14.
- Torres Espinoza, Enrique (2007). Enrique Gómez Carrillo, el cronista errante, 2nd (in Spanish), Guatemala: Artemis-Edinter.
- (2000) The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas.
- Troika study abroad programs (2006). Guatemala. Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 18 September 2010. Iliwekwa mnamo 12 June 2012.
- United Nations (2011). Human Development Report 2011; Statistical annex. Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 11 January 2012. Iliwekwa mnamo 22 December 2011.
- Weaver, Frederic S. (March 1999). "Reform and (Counter) Revolution in Post-Independence Guatemala: Liberalism, Conservatism, and Postmodern Controversies". Latin American Perspectives 26 (2): 129–158. https://archive.org/details/sim_latin-american-perspectives_1999-03_26_2/page/129.
- White, Douglas R. (2002). The Marriage Core of the Elite Network of Colonial Guatemala. Irvine, CA: University of California, Irvine, School of Social Sciences.
- (1993) Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821–1871. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0820314488.
Viungo vya nje Edit
- Guatemala After the War 1996–2000, Photographs by Jorge Uzon Archived 17 Januari 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
- Guatemala Map Search with Longitude and Latitude Archived 9 Machi 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
- Guatemala – Country Article Encyclopædia Britannica
- Government of Guatemala (Kihispania)
- Chief of State and Cabinet Members Archived 10 Desemba 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- Guatemala entry at The World Factbook
- Guatemala Archived 7 Juni 2008 at the Wayback Machine. at UCB Libraries GovPubs.
- Guatemala katika Open Directory Project
- Guatemala profile from the BBC News.
- Wikimedia Atlas of Guatemala
- Key Development Forecasts for Guatemala from International Futures.
- The National Security Archive: Guatemala Project
- Guatemala Tourism Commission
- World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Guatemala
- Photo Guatemala
Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Amerika ya Kati bado ni mbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusu Guatemala kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |