Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (kwa Kijerumani Nikolas Koppernigk, kwa Kipolandi: Mikołaj Kopernik; 19 Februari 1473 – 24 Mei 1543) alikuwa padri wa Kanisa Katoliki na mtaalamu wa astronomia, tiba na hisabati.

Taswira ya Nicolaus Copernicus (mwanzo wa karne ya 16).

Ni maarufu hasa kwa kuwa ndiye aliyeeleza muundo halisi wa ulimwengu kwa kusema dunia inazunguka jua, kinyume cha fundisho lililotawala awali kuwa jua linazunguka dunia. Ndiyo yanayoitwa "Mapinduzi ya Kikoperniki" ambayo ni ya msingi kwa ustawi wa sayansi ya kisasa.

Maisha

Alizaliwa Toruń, iliyokuwa mji wa Hanse huko Poland, katika familia yenye damu ya Kijerumani.

Alisoma theolojia, sheria na tiba huko Poland na Italia, akawa padri wa kanisa kuu la Frauenburg-Fromburg, ambapo alifariki mwaka 1543 akazikwa chini ya sakafu yake.

Mchango mkubwa alioutoa na tathmini yake

Muda mfupi tu kabla hajafa alitoa kitabu chake "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" (kuhusu mizunguko ya magimba ya angani), ambacho kinatoa mafundisho makuu ya elimu ya nyota ya siku zile, kama vile mpangilio wa sayari zinazolizunguka Jua na mzunguko wa Dunia kwenye mhimili wake kila siku.

Copernicus hakuwa mtu wa kwanza aliyewaza ya kwamba Dunia inazunguka Jua: miaka 2000 kabla yake wanafalsafa kadhaa wa Ugiriki waliwahi kufundisha hivyo. Lakini tangu maandiko ya Ptolemaio wataalamu wa nyota pamoja na walimu wa dini za Ukristo na Uislamu walikubaliana kwamba Dunia ni kitovu cha ulimwengu na Jua pamoja na sayari zote zinaizunguka. Kitabu cha Copernicus kilikuwa cha kwanza kilichoondoa Dunia katika kitovu cha ulimwengu na kwa ujumla alipingwa na wataalamu wengi.

Ingawa hoja zao hazikuwa sahihi, ni kweli kwamba mafundisho yake yalikuwa na kasoro zilizojulikana baadaye kwa maendeleo ya utafiti: kwa mfano, alidhani njia za sayari kuzunguka jua zina umbo la duara kamili. Pia alifikiri ya kwamba jua liko kwenye kitovu cha ulimwengu.

Mafundisho yake yaliathiri wanasayansi wengine kama Galileo Galilei na Kepler, ambao waliyathibitisha na kuyaboresha.

Viungo vya nje

• Blogu "Nicolaus Copernicus ni mmoja kati ya mashujaa wangu - See more at: http://tuongeescience.tumblr.com/post/86302008889/kumbukumbu-ya-nicolaus-copernicus#sthash.2FL2lSMI.dpuf" Archived 5 Machi 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
• Copernicus' letters to various celebrities, among others the King Sigmundus I of Poland Archived 11 Februari 2009 at the Wayback Machine. - in Polish
• Nicholaus Copernicus Museum in Frombork Archived 9 Oktoba 2004 at the Wayback Machine.
• Portraits of Copernicus: Copernicus' face reconstructed; Portrait Archived 27 Septemba 2007 at the Wayback Machine.; Nicolaus Copernicus Archived 13 Oktoba 2004 at the Wayback Machine.
• Copernicus and Astrology Archived 21 Januari 2009 at the Wayback Machine. — Cambridge University: Copernicus had – of course – teachers with astrological activities and his tables were later used by astrologers.
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
• Find-A-Grave profile for Nicolaus Copernicus
• 'Body of Copernicus' identified — BBC article including image of Copernicus using facial reconstruction based on located skull

Kuhusu De Revolutionibus

• The Copernican Universe from the De Revolutionibus
• De Revolutionibus, 1543 first edition — Full digital facsimile, Lehigh University
• The front page of the De Revolutionibus Archived 18 Juni 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
• The text of the De Revolutionibus Archived 6 Machi 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
• A java applet about Retrograde Motion Archived 27 Februari 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

Urithi wake

• Copernicus in Bologna — in Italian
• Chasing Copernicus: The Book Nobody Read — Was One of the Greatest Scientific Works Really Ignored? All Things Considered. NPR
• Copernicus and his Revolutions — A detailed critique of the rhetoric of De Revolutionibus
• Article which discusses Copernicus's debt to the Arabic tradition
• Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

Ushirikiano wa Poland na Ujerumani kuhusu Copernicus

• German-Polish school project on Copernicus - in German and Polish
• Büro Kopernikus - An initiative of German Federal Cultural Foundation Archived 13 Novemba 2006 at the Wayback Machine.- in German, Polish and English

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