Mwalimu
Mwalimu (kutoka neno la Kiarabu; kwa Kiingereza teacher, school teacher na pengine educator) ni mtu anayesaidia wengine kupata ujuzi, maarifa na tunu.
Kazi hiyo inaweza kufanywa na yeyote katika nafasi maalumu, kwa mfano mzazi au ndugu akimfundisha mtoto nyumbani, lakini kwa wengine ndiyo njia ya kupata riziki inayomdai karibu kila siku kwa miaka mingi, kwa mfano shuleni. Huko mwalimu anatakiwa kuwa na shahada au stashahada, kadiri ya sheria za nchi na ya ngazi ya elimu inayotolewa.
MajukumuEdit
Majukumu ya mwalimu yanaweza kutofautiana kadiri ya utamaduni husika.[1][2]
Mara nyingi ni pamoja na kufundisha kusoma na kuandika, kuhesabu, kufanya kazi fulani ya mikono, kushirikiana katika jamii, kufuata dini, kuunda kazi za sanaa.
Kwa kawaida ufundishaji huo unadai mwalimu aandae somo kwa kufuata mtaala fulani, kutoa vipindi na kutathmini maendeleo ya mwanafunzi. Pia ni muhimu atunze nidhamu.
Nje ya madarasa, pengine mwalimu anatakiwa kuongoza wanafunzi wake katika safari za kutembelea mashamba, viwanda, kumbi, makumbusho, n.k.
Sifa zinazohitajikaEdit
Ualimu si kazi ngumu sana, kwa sababu unahusika na mambo mengi.[3][4][5]
Umoja wa Ulaya umetaja sifa tatu muhimu:
- Uwezo wa kushirikiana na wengine
- Uwezo wa kutumia ujuzi, teknolojia na habari, na
- Uwezo wa kufanya kazi ndani na pamoja na jamii.[6]
Wataalamu wa sayansi ya elimu wanazidi kukubaliana kwamba mwalimu yeyote anahitaji mambo matatu:
- ujuzi (kufahamu mada na namna ya kuifundisha, mtaala, sayansi ya elimu, saikolojia, tathmini n.k.)
- vipaji (kupanga kipindi, kutumia vifaa, kuongoza wanafunzi, kuendesha makundi, kutathmini maendeleo) na
- misimamo (tunu, tabia, imani na uwajibikaji).[7]
Walimu maarufuEdit
TanbihiEdit
- ↑ for a useful discussion see, for example: Cochran-Smith, M. (2006): 'Policy, Practice, and Politics in Teacher Education', Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press
- ↑ see for example Cummings, W.K. (2003) 'The InstitutionS of Education. A Comparative Study of Educational Development in the Six Core Nations', Providence, MA: Symposium Books.
- ↑ For a review of literature on competences required by teachers, see F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers’ core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf
- ↑ F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers’ core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf citing Altet et al., 1996; Conway et al., 2010; Hansen, 2008; Seifert, 1999; Sockett, 2008
- ↑ 'Teachers Matter: Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers', 2005, Paris: OECD publications [1]
- ↑ F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers’ core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf
- ↑ Williamson McDiarmid, G. & Clevenger-Bright M. (2008) 'Rethinking Teacher Capacity', in Cochran-Smith, M., Feiman-Nemser, S. & Mc Intyre, D. (Eds.). 'Handbook of Research on Teacher Education. Enduring questions in changing contexts'. New York/Abingdon: Routledge/Taylor & Francis cited in F Caena (2011)
Viungo vya njeEdit
media kuhusu Teaching pa Wikimedia Commons- OECD's Education GPS, a review of education policy analysis and statistics: Teachers
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