Makongamano ya Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi
Makongamano ya Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi ni mikutano ya kila mwaka inayofanyika kulingana na Mapatano ya msingi ya UM kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi (UNFCCC). Inatambulika kama mikutano rasmi ya wanachama wa UNFCCC - Mkutano wa Wanachama (COP).
Mkutano huwa na lengo la kutathmini maendeleo katika kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, na kwa mara ya kwanza Ulianza kufanyi miaka ya 1990, kujadili Itifaki ya Kyoto(Mkataba wa Kimataifa) ili kuweka majukumu ya kisheria kwa nchi zilizoendelea. kupunguza uzalishaji wao wa Hewa Ukaa au gesi chafuzi . [1] Kuanzia mwaka wa 2005 Mkutano huu umekua ukitumika kama "Mkutano wa Vyama vinavyohudumu na Wanachama wa makataba ya Kyoto" (CMP); pia wahusika katika mkataba ambao si washiriki wa Kyoto wanaweza kushiriki katika mikutano inayohusiana na itifaki kama washiriki. Kuanzia 2011 hadi 2015 mikutano ilitumiwa kujadili Mkataba wa Paris kama sehemu ya jukwaa la Durban, ambalo liliunda njia ya jumla kutokana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. [2] Machapisho yoyote ya mwisho ya COP lazima yakubaliwe kwa makubaliano.
Mkutano wa kwanza wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi ulifanyika mwaka 1995 huko Berlin. [3] [4]
Orodha ya mikutano na maeneo
haririN/A. | Mwaka | Jina | Jina Lingine | Mahali Mkutano Ulipofanyika | Nchi |
Vikundi vya Kikanda [5] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1995 | COP 1 | Berlin | Germany | Western Europe and Other Group (WEOG) | |
2 | 1996 | COP 2 |
Vikundi vya K |
Geneva | Switzerland | WEOG |
3 | 1997 | COP 3 | Kyoto | Japan | Asia and Pacific Group | |
4 | 1998 | COP 4 | Buenos Aires | Argentina | Group of Latin America and the Caribbean (GRULAC) | |
5 | 1999 | COP 5 | Bonn | Germany | WEOG | |
6 | 2000 | COP 6 | The Hague | Netherlands | WEOG | |
7 | 2001 | COP 6-2 | Bonn | Germany | WEOG | |
8 | 2001 | COP 7 | Marrakech | Morocco | Africa Group | |
9 | 2002 | COP 8 | New Delhi | India | Asia and Pacific Group | |
10 | 2003 | COP 9 | Milan | Italy | WEOG (COP President: Hungary, Eastern Europe Group) | |
11 | 2004 | COP 10 | Buenos Aires | Argentina | GRULAC | |
12 | 2005 | COP 11 | CMP 1 | Montreal | Canada | WEOG |
13 | 2006 | COP 12 | CMP 2 | Nairobi | Kenya | Africa Group |
14 | 2007 | COP 13 | CMP 3 | Bali | Indonesia | Asia and Pacific Group |
15 | 2008 | COP 14 | CMP 4 | Poznań | Poland | Eastern Europe Group |
16 | 2009 | COP 15 | CMP 5 | Copenhagen | Denmark | WEOG |
17 | 2010 | COP 16 | CMP 6 | Cancún | Mexico | GRULAC |
18 | 2011 | COP 17 | CMP 7 | Durban | South Africa | Africa Group |
19 | 2012 | COP 18 | CMP 8 | Doha | Qatar | Asia and Pacific Group |
20 | 2013 | COP 19 | CMP 9 | Warsaw | Poland | Eastern Europe Group |
21 | 2014 | COP 20 | CMP 10 | Lima | Peru | GRULAC |
22 | 2015 | COP 21 | CMP 11 | Paris | France | WEOG |
23 | 2016 | COP 22 | CMP 12 / CMA 1 | Marrakech | Morocco | Africa Group |
24 | 2017 | COP 23 | CMP 13 / CMA 1-2 | Bonn | Germany | WEOG (COP President: Fiji, Asia and Pacific Group) |
25 | 2018 | COP 24 | CMP 14 / CMA 1-3 | Katowice | Poland | Eastern Europe Group |
26 | 2019 | SB50 | Bonn | Germany | WEOG | |
27 | 2019 | COP 25 | CMP 15 / CMA 2 | Madrid | Spain | WEOG (COP President: Chile, GRULAC) |
28 | 2021 | COP 26 | CMP 16 / CMA 3 | Glasgow | United Kingdom | WEOG |
29 | 2022 | COP 27 | CMP 17 / CMA 4 | Sharm El Sheikh | Egypt | Africa Group |
30 | 2023 | COP 28 | CMP 18 / CMA 5 | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | Asia and Pacific Group |
31 | 2024 | COP 29 | CMP 19 / CMA 6 | Baku | Azerbaijan | Eastern Europe Group |
32 | 2025 | COP 30 | CMP 20 / CMA 7 | Belém | Brazil | GRULAC |
33 | 2026 | COP 31 | CMP 21 / CMA 8 | TBC | TBC | WEOG Australia and Pacific Nations |
1995: COP 1, Berlin, Ujerumani
haririMkutano wa kwanza wa UNFCCC wa Wanachama ulifanyika 28 Machi hadi 7 Aprili 1995 huko Berlin, Ujerumani. [6] Wajumbe kutoka Nchi 117 na Nchi 53 za Waangalizi walihudhuria mkutano huo. Moja ya masuala ya msingi ya COP 1 ilikuwa usawa wa ahadi za nchi binafsi, Kuidhinisha mamlaka ya kuanza mchakato wa kuchukua hatua kwa nchi binafsi kwa kipindi baada ya 2000. Hii ilijumuisha kuimarisha ahadi za Wanachama kutoka kwenye Kiambatisho cha I katika Kifungu cha 4.2(a) na (b). [7]
Wajumbe pia walianzisha: awamu ya majaribio ya miradi ya Utekelezaji wa Pamoja; makubaliano kwamba Sekretarieti ya Kudumu iwe katika mji wa Bonn, Ujerumani; na Mashirika Tanzu . Wajumbe wa mkutano hawakuafikiana kuhusu Kanuni na Taratibu, na uamuzi kuhusu sheria za upigaji kura uliahirishwa hadi COP 2. [8]
Tanbihi
hariri- ↑ "What is the UNFCCC & the COP". Climate Leaders. Lead India. 2009. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 27 Machi 2009. Iliwekwa mnamo 5 Desemba 2009.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Jepsen, Henrik; na wenz. (2021). Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108886246. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2022-12-10. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-12-16.
- ↑ "Stages of climate change negotiations". Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety. 27 Desemba 2012. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 13 Januari 2017. Iliwekwa mnamo 15 Novemba 2016.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "More Background on the COP". UNFCC. 2014. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 15 Novemba 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 15 Novemba 2016.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ The GA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF) (2 ed.). New York: Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. 2017. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3.
- ↑ {{Citeweb|title=Berlin Climate Change Conference - March 1995|url=https://unfccc.int/conference/berlin-climate-change-conference-march1995%7Caccessdate=20240127%7Cwork=unfccc.int}
- ↑ "Summary report 28 March – 7 April 1995". IISD (kwa Kiingereza). Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-03-05.
- ↑ "Summary report 28 March – 7 April 1995". IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin (kwa Kiingereza). Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-03-05.