Waostrogoti

Waostrogoti (yaani Wagoti wa Mashariki) walikuwa kabila la Kigermanik ambalo, pamoja na Wavisigoti, walichangia sana anguko la Dola la Roma na mwanzo wa Karne za Kati Ulaya.

Askari wa Kigoti akipambana na wapandafarasi wa Roma, Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus (karne ya 3).

Ufalme wa Waostrogoti (njano) alipofariki Theodoriki Mkuu (526).

Historia

Wakitokea labda Uswidi, wanatajwa na waandishi wa Roma ya Kale kama wakazi wa beseni la Vistula (leo Polandi Kaskazini) katika karne ya 1. Baadaye walienea kwenye Bahari Nyeusi, walipowazidi Wasarmatia kama watawala wa Mbuga za Ponto wakaanza kushambulia maeneo ya Dola la Roma hadi Cyprus.

Wakati huo waligawanyika kati ya Wathervingi na Wagreuthungi. Miaka ya 300, Ermanariki, mfalme wa Wagreuthungi, alitawala kutoka Bahari ya Baltiki hadi Bahari Nyeusi, na Milima ya Urali. Wakati huo wengi wao waliingia Ukristo wa madhehebu ya Uario kwa umisionari wa Ulfilas, aliyebuni alfabeti ya Kigoti kuandika Biblia ya Kigoti.

Miaka ya 370 maeneo ya Wagoti yalivamiwa na Wahunni. Wagreuthungi wakakaa chini yao wakaja kuitwa Waostrogoti, kumbe Wathervingi, waliojulikana baadaye kama Wavisigoti, walivuka mto Danube na kuvamia Dola la Roma. Baada ya kunyanyaswa sana, waliasi na kushinda Warumi katika Mapigano ya Adrianopoli mwaka 378. Chini ya Alariki I, waliteka Roma yenyewe mwaka 410, na hatimaye wakalowea Galia na Hispania, walipounda Ufalme wa Wavisigoti.

Wakiungana na Dola la Roma Magharibi dhidi ya Wahunni wa Attila na Waostrogoti walipata ushindi kwenye Mapigano ya Uwanja wa Katalauni mwaka 451. Hapo Waostrogoti walijinasua katika utawala wa Wahunni wakavamia Italia mwishoni mwa karne ya 5 chini ya mfalme Theodoriki Mkuu, wakaanzisha Ufalme wa Waostrogoti.

Kidogo tu baada ya kifo cha Theodoriki (526), Italia ilitekwa tena (535–554) na kaisari wa Roma Mashariki Justinian I, lakini baada ya miaka michache Walombardi, wakitokea Skandinavia, waliteka Italia na kumeza Waostrogoti waliokuwa wamebaki.

Vyanzo

• Amory, Patrick. People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489–554. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-521-52635-3.
• Backman, Clifford R (2008). The Worlds of Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-533527-9. 
• Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-39305-975-5. 
• Burns, Thomas (1984). A History of the Ostrogoths. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-32831-4. 
• Bury, J. B. (2000). The Invasion of Europe by the Barbarians. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-39300-388-8. 
• Cantor, Norman F. (1994). The Civilization of the Middle Ages. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-092553-1. 
• Chisholm, Hugh (1910). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 
• Collins, Roger (1999). Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-33365-808-6. 
• Dalby, Andrew (1999). Dictionary of Languages. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-23111-568-1. 
• De Puy, William Harrison (1899). The World-wide Encyclopedia and Gazetteer (vol 4). Werner Co.. 
• Encyclopædia Britannica, "Ostrogoth", stable URL: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/434454/Ostrogoth
• Frassetto, Michael (2003). Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-263-9. 
• Halsall, Guy (2007). Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52143-543-7. 
• Heather, Peter (1996). The Goths. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-16536-3. 
• Larned, J. N., ed. (1895). History for Ready Reference. C.A. Nichols. 
• Mierow, Charles Christopher (translator). The Gothic History of Jordanes. In English Version with an Introduction and a Commentary. 1915. Reprinted by Evolution Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-889758-77-9.
• Oman, Charles W.C (1902). The Byzantine Empire. G.P. Putnam’s Sons. 
• Todd, Malcolm (1999). The Early Germans. Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-16397-2. 
• (2006) Encyclopedia of European Peoples. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-81604-964-6. 
• Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (2004). The Barbarian West, 400–1000. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-63120-292-9. 
• Wolfram, Herwig (1988). History of the Goths. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52006-983-1. 
• Wolfram, Herwig (1997). The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08511-6. 

Viungo vya nje

• media kuhusu Ostrogoths pa Wikimedia Commons

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