Utengenezaji
Utengenezaji ni uundaji wa vitu kwa kutumia kazi ya binadamu, mashine, vifaa n.k.
Unahesabika kama sekta ya pili ya uchumi.[1]
Inaweza kuitwa hivyo kazi ya fundi binafsi lakini hasa ile ya viwanda vikubwa vinavyotumia teknolojia ya kielektroni.
Orodha ya nchi 50 zenye utengenezaji mkubwa zaidi hariri
Orodha hii ya Benki ya Dunia inahesabu utengenezaji kwa dolar za Marekani.[2]
| Nafasi | Nchi/Eneo | Milioni za dola | Mwaka |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dunia | 13,809,122 | 2019 | |
| 1 |  China |
3,896,345 | 2019 |
| 2 |  United States |
2,317,176 | 2018 |
| 3 |  Japan |
1,027,967 | 2018 |
| 4 |  Germany |
747,731 | 2019 |
| 5 |  South Korea |
416,903 | 2019 |
| 6 |  India |
394,531 | 2019 |
| 7 |  Italy |
298,442 | 2019 |
| 13 |  Brazil |
173,668 | 2019 |
| 8 |  France |
266,634 | 2019 |
| 9 | .svg){kind=small} United Kingdom |
243,114 | 2019 |
| 10 |  Russia |
222,544 | 2019 |
| 11 |  Indonesia |
220,503 | 2019 |
| 12 |  Mexico |
217,852 | 2019 |
| 14 |  Spain |
154,833 | 2019 |
| 15 |  Canada |
151,724 | 2016 |
| 16 |  Turkey |
143,017 | 2019 |
| 17 |  Thailand |
137,544 | 2019 |
| 18 |  Switzerland |
131,718 | 2019 |
| 19 |  Ireland |
119,868 | 2019 |
| 20 |  Poland |
100,011 | 2019 |
| 21 |  Netherlands |
99,648 | 2019 |
| 22 |  Saudi Arabia |
99,438 | 2019 |
| 23 |  Australia |
78,657 | 2019 |
| 24 |  Malaysia |
78,279 | 2019 |
| 25 |  Austria |
74,710 | 2019 |
| 26 |  Singapore |
73,677 | 2019 |
| 27 |  Philippines |
69,568 | 2019 |
| 28 |  Sweden |
69,262 | 2019 |
| 29 | .svg){kind=small} Belgium |
63,569 | 2019 |
| 30 |  Venezuela |
58,236 | 2014 |
| 31 |  Argentina |
57,726 | 2019 |
| 32 |  Bangladesh |
57,284 | 2019 |
| 33 |  Czech Republic |
55,270 | 2019 |
| 34 |  Iran |
53,417 | 2017 |
| 35 |  Nigeria |
51,634 | 2019 |
| 36 |  Egypt |
48,241 | 2019 |
| 37 | Template loop detected: Kigezo:Flag | 47,834 | 2018 |
| 38 |  Denmark |
45,507 | 2019 |
| 39 |  Israel |
44,314 | 2018 |
| 40 |  Vietnam |
43,172 | 2019 |
| 41 |  Romania |
42,453 | 2019 |
| 42 |  South Africa |
41,400 | 2019 |
| 43 |  Algeria |
41,278 | 2019 |
| 44 |  Finland |
38,670 | 2019 |
| 45 |  United Arab Emirates |
36,727 | 2019 |
| 46 |  Colombia |
35,439 | 2019 |
| 47 |  Pakistan |
34,658 | 2019 |
| 48 |  Oman |
30,283 | 2018 |
| 49 |  Hungary |
29,349 | 2019 |
| 50 |  Peru |
28,733 | 2018 |
Tanbihi hariri
- ↑ Kenton, Will. "Manufacturing". Investopedia (kwa Kiingereza). Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-01-16.
- ↑ "Manufacturing, value added (current US$) | Data". data.worldbank.org (kwa en-us). Iliwekwa mnamo 2018-11-11.
Vyanzo hariri
- Kalpakjian, Serope; Steven Schmid (August 2005). Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology. Prentice Hall. ku. 22–36, 951–88. ISBN 978-0-13-148965-3. Check date values in:
|date=(help)
Viungo vya nje hariri
Wikamusi ya Kiswahili ina maelezo na tafsiri ya maana ya neno:
Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:
Wikiquote ina mkusanyiko wa dondoo kuhusu:
- How Everyday Things Are Made: video presentations
- Grant Thornton IBR 2008 Manufacturing industry focus
- EEF, the manufacturers' organisation – industry group representing uk manufacturers
- Enabling the Digital Thread for Smart Manufacturing
- Evidences of Metal Manufacturing History
- Manufacturing Sector of the National Occupational Research Agenda, USA, 2018.
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Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya uchumi bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Utengenezaji kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |