Falsafa (kutoka Kigiriki φιλοσοφία filosofia = filo, pendo la sofia, hekima) ni jaribio la kuelewa na kueleza ulimwengu kwa kutumia akili inayofuata hoja za mantiki. Kwa hiyo ili kutengeneza falsafa yako kunahitajika kuwa na hoja za msingi, hoja zilizojaa hoja (akili), kisha kuiweka falsafa yako kwa jamii ili waisome na kuielewa. Wapo watakaokubaliana na wewe kulingana na hoja zako na wapo watakaokupinga kutokana na hoja zako vilevile.

Wanafalsafa Plato na Aristoteli; uchongaji wa karne ya 15 kwenye mnara wa kanisa huko Firenze, Italia.

Falsafa huchunguza mambo kama kuweko na kutokuweko, ukweli, ujuzi, uzuri, mema na mabaya, lugha, haki na mengine yoyote.

Tofauti na dini, imani au itikadi, njia ya falsafa ni mantiki inayoeleza hatua zake ikiwa tayari kuchungulia upya kila hatua iliyochukua. Kwa hiyo falsafa ni njia ya kuuliza maswali na kutafuta majibu.

Katika lugha ya kila siku neno "falsafa" mara nyingi linachukuliwa kutaja jumla ya mafundisho au imani ya mtu au kundi la watu, kwa mfano "falsafa ya chama fulani", "falsafa ya maisha yangu" na kadhalika. Lakini kwa jumla fikra hizo hazistahili kuitwa "falsafa". Ila tu kuna makundi ya wanafalsafa wanaopendelea mielekeo tofauti na kuhusu haya inawezekana kutumia neno "falsafa ya fulani" kwa kutaja matokeo ya kazi yao.

Matawi ya falsafa hariri

Falsafa jinsi inavyoendeshwa kwenye vyuo vikuu huwa na matawi kadhaa kama vile:

Aina za falsafa hariri

Kuna mbinu nyingi za falsafa zilizoendelea kulingana na mazingira ya utamaduni ambako wanafalsafa waliishi. Mara nyingi falsafa imeendelea karibu na dini, ndani ya dini au kwa mchanganyiko na dini mbalimbali.

Lakini falsafa inachunguza pia matamko ya dini na kuuliza maswali juu ya maana ya matamko haya.

Wanafalsafa muhimu wa Asia walikuwa Konfutse na Lao Tze katika China na Buddha katika Uhindi.

Chanzo cha falsafa katika Ulaya kilitokea katika ustaarabu wa Ugiriki ya Kale. Wanafalsafa wa huko waliweka misingi mingi kwa dunia ya baadaye pamoja na misingi ya sayansi ya sasa. Kati ya majina mashuhuri ni Plato na Aristoteli.

Wanafalsafa hariri

Wanafalsafa wa Ugiriki ya Kale hariri

Wanafalsafa wa mapokeo ya magharibi hariri

Wanafalsafa wa kisasa kutoka Ulaya na Marekani hariri

Wanafalsafa wa Afrika hariri

Wanafalsafa wa Asia hariri

Tazama pia hariri

Marejeo hariri

  • A. Mihanjo, Falsafa na Usanifu wa Hoja, Salvatorianum, Morogoro
  • A. Mihanjo, Falsafa na Ufunuo wa Maarifa, Salvatorianum, Morogoro

Marejeo mengine hariri

Vyanzo (google books)
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  • Buccellati, Giorgio (1981-01-01). "Wisdom and Not: The Case of Mesopotamia". Journal of the American Oriental Society 101 (1): 35–47. doi:10.2307/602163. 

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Utangulizi
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Viungo vya nje hariri