Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Afrika
Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Afrika (kwa Kiingereza: African Economic Community, kifupi: AEC) ni muundo wa nchi za Umoja wa Afrika ambao unaweka misingi ya maendeleo ya pamoja kati ya nchi zilizo nyingi za Afrika.
Jumuiya ilianzishwa kwa Abuja Treaty, iliyosainiwa mwaka 1991 na kuanza kufanya kazi mwaka 1994.
Kupitia hatua sita, malengo ni kuanzisha maeneo ya biashara huru, miungano ya forodha, soko la pamoja, benki kuu na pesa ya pamoja (African Monetary Union) hadi kufikia muungano katika uchumi na pesa mwaka 2028 na kukamilisha mpango mzima kabla ya mwaka 2034.
Nguzo
haririKwa sasa barani Afrika kuna jumuia za kiuchumi kadhaa ambazo wanachama wake mara nyingi zinahusika na zaidi ya mojawapo. Ndizo zinazoitwa nguzo za Jumuia. Ni kama ifuatavyo:
| Nguzo | Sehemu zake |
|---|---|
| Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) | |
| Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) | |
| East African Community (EAC) | |
| Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS/CEEAC) | Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) |
| Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) | West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) |
| Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) | |
| Southern African Development Community (SADC) | Southern African Customs Union (SACU) |
| Arab Maghreb Union (UMA) |
Uanachama katika nguzo hizo
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wanachama; mwaka wa kujiunga wanachama; mwaka wa kujiunga; ushirikiano umesimama wanachama watarajiwa; mwaka wa kuomba kujiunga
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Makundi mengine
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Makundi mengine yasiyomo katika African Economic Community ni:
- Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) (also includes most Middle Eastern states)
- Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
- Indian Ocean Commission (COI)
- Liptako-Gourma Authority (LGA)
- Mano River Union (MRU)
African Free Trade Zone
haririViongozi wa SADC, COMESA na EAC walitangaza tarehe 22 Oktoba 2008 nia ya kuanzisha African Free Trade Zone (AFTZ).
Mnamo Mei 2012 mpango ulihusisha pia ECOWAS, ECCAS na AMU.[4]
Continental Free Trade Area
haririMnamo Juni 2015, Umoja wa Afrika ulianzisha majadiliano ili kufikia Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) ambayo ihusishe nchi zote 55 za Afrika kufikia mwaka 2017.
| Jamii za Kiuchumi za Afrika | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kambi Nguzo za Maeneo |
Eneo (km²) | Idadi ya Watu | GDP (PPP) ($US) | Wanachama | |
| katika mamilioni | kwa kila mtu | ||||
| AEC | 29,910,442 | 853,520,010 | 2,053,706 | 2,406 | 53 |
| ECOWAS | 5,112,903 | 251,646,263 | 342,519 | 1,361 | 15 |
| ECCAS | 6,667,421 | 121,245,958 | 175,928 | 1,451 | 11 |
| SADC | 9,882,959 | 233,944,179 | 737,335 | 3,152 | 15 |
| EAC | 1,817,945 | 124,858,568 | 104,239 | 1,065 | 5 |
| COMESA | 12,873,957 | 406,102,471 | 735,599 | 1,811 | 20 |
| IGAD | 5,233,604 | 187,969,775 | 225,049 | 1,197 | 7 |
| Sahara Magharibi 1 |
266,000 | 273,008 | ? | ? | N/A 2 |
| Kambi Nyingine za Afrika |
Eneo (km²) | Idadi ya Watu | GDP (PPP) ($US) | Wanachama | |
| katika mamilioni | kwa kila mtu | ||||
| CEMAC 3 | 3,020,142 | 34,970,529 | 85,136 | 2,435 | 6 |
| SACU 3 | 2,693,418 | 51,055,878 | 541,433 | 10,605 | 5 |
| UEMOA 3 | 3,505,375 | 80,865,222 | 101,640 | 1,257 | 8 |
| UMA 4 | 5,782,140 | 84,185,073 | 491,276 | 5,836 | 5 |
| GAFTA 5 | 5,876,960 | 166,259,603 | 635,450 | 3,822 | 5 |
| 1 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) ni mtia sahihi wa AEC, lakini haipo katika Kambi yoyote 2 Wengi wako chini ya jeshi la Moroko | |||||
Tanbihi
hariri- ↑ 1.0 1.1 SADC, COMESA and the EAC: Conflicting regional and trade agendas. Institute for Global Dialogue (October 2008). Retrieved on 7 May 2011.
- ↑ African integration is great but has its hurdles. New Vision (26 May 2010). Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. Retrieved on 7 May 2011.
- ↑ Rwanda back to Central Africa bloc, 10 years on (2010-08-20).
- ↑ Africa free trade zone in operation by 2018