Papa Leo IV
Papa Leo IV, O.S.B. alikuwa Papa kuanzia mwezi Januari au tarehe 10 Mei 847 hadi kifo chake tarehe 17 Julai 855[1]. Alitokea Roma, Lazio, Italia[2].
Alimfuata Papa Sergio II akafuatwa na Papa Benedikto III.
Kutokana na uvamizi na uharibifu wa Roma uliofanywa na Waarabu, aliimarisha boma la mji na kulipanua hadi kandokando ya Vatikano[3][4], alikarabati makanisa kadhaa, yakiwemo Basilika la Mt. Petro na Basilika la Mt. Paulo, halafu alihamasisha falme za Kikristo kupambana nao[5].
Mwaka 849, meli za Kiislamu zilipokaribia pwani ya Italia ya Kati, alihamasisha jamhuri za kibahari za Napoli, Gaeta na Amalfi kuungana dhidi ya hatari hiyo mpya. Mapigano ya Ostia yalileta ushindi mkubwa[6][7].
Kanisa Katoliki linamheshimu kama mtakatifu.
Tazama piaEdit
Maandishi yakeEdit
- Opera Omnia katika Patrologia Latina iliyotolewa na Migne pamoja na faharasa
TanbihiEdit
- ↑ https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/holy-father.index.html#holy-father
- ↑ https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/holy-father.index.html#holy-father
- ↑ Gregorovius, Ferdinand. History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages, vol. 3, (Annie Hamilton, tr.), 1903 ch. III "The Leonine City" pp 95ff.
- ↑
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Mann, Horace (1910). "Pope St. Leo IV". In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. 9. Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09159a.htm.
- ↑ Pierre Riche, The Carolingians:A Family who forged Europe, transl. Michael Idomir Allen, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), 175.
- ↑ Mann, Horace. "Pope St. Leo IV." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 23 September 2017
- ↑ The Battle of Ostia was one of the most famous in history of the Papacy of the Middle Ages and is celebrated in a famous fresco by Raphael and his pupils in his rooms of the Vatican Palace in the Vatican City.
- ↑ Martyrologium Romanum
MarejeoEdit
- Cheetham, Nicolas, Keepers of the Keys, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1983. ISBN 0-684-17863-X
Viungo vya njeEdit
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