Ugiriki

Ugiriki (pia: Uyunani; kwa Kigiriki cha kisasa: Ελλάδα, Ellada, au Ελλάς, Ellas) ni nchi ya Ulaya Kusini-Mashariki iliyopo kusini mwa rasi ya Balkani.

Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
Ellinikí Dimokratía
Demokrasia ya Ugiriki

Bendera Nembo
Kaulimbiu ya taifa: Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος (Eleftheria i thanatos - "Uhuru au mauti")
Wimbo wa taifa: Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν - "Wimbo la Uhuru"
Mji mkuu	Athens 38°00′ N 23°43′ E
Mji mkubwa nchini	Athens
Lugha rasmi	Kigiriki
Serikali Rais Waziri Mkuu	Jamhuri Katerina Sakellaropoulou (Κατερίνα Σακελλαροπούλου) Kyriakos Mitsotakis (Κυριάκος Μητσοτάκης)
Uhuru Ilitangazwa Ilitambuliwa	25 Machi 1821 1829
Eneo  - Jumla  - Maji (%)	131,957 km² (ya 95) 1.51
Idadi ya watu  - 2021 kadirio  - 2012 sensa  - Msongamano wa watu	10,678,632 (ya 85) 10,816,286 77/km² (ya 120)
Fedha	Euro (€)2 (EUR)
Saa za eneo  - Kiangazi (DST)	EET (UTC+2) EEST (UTC+3)
Intaneti TLD	.gr 3
Kodi ya simu	+30 -
1 Wananchi walikataza kurudi kwa ufalme tar. 8 Desemba 1974. 2 Prior to 2001: Greek Drachma.

Imepakana na Albania, Masedonia Kaskazini, Bulgaria na Uturuki. Upande wa kusini-magharibi na kusini-mashariki kuna pwani ndefu kwenye Bahari ya Mediteranea.

Jiografia

Kijiografia huwa na sehemu za Ugiriki bara, rasi ya Peloponesi upande wa kusini inayounganishwa kwa shingo ya nchi nyembamba, halafu visiwa vingi upande wa Bahari ya Aegean, Bahari ya Adria na kwenye Mediteranea yenyewe. Visiwa vikubwa zaidi ni Kreta, Euboea, Lesbo na Rhodos.

Historia

Parthenon, katika Akropoli ya Athens, ni kielelezo cha Ugiriki wa Kale.

Ugiriki ni nchi yenye historia ndefu na maarufu sana, hata inaitwa "nchi mama ya Ulaya" na kitovu cha Ustaarabu wa magharibi, kwa sababu ndipo vilipoanza demokrasia, falsafa ya magharibi, fasihi ya magharibi, historiografia, sayansi ya siasa, tafiti za sayansi na hisabati, tamthilia na michezo ya Olimpiki.

Ugiriki ni nchi mwanachama wa Umoja wa Ulaya tangu 1981.

Watu

Lugha ya Kigiriki inaendelea kuandikwa kwa Alfabeti ya Kigiriki inayotumiwa tangu miaka 3000 iliyopita, lakini lugha yenyewe imebadilika. Wagiriki wa leo hawaelewi tena Kigiriki cha Kale moja kwa moja.

Wakazi wengi wanafuata dini ya Ukristo (93%), hasa katika Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Kigiriki (90%), halafu Waprotestanti na Wakatoliki. 2% ni Waislamu.

Tazama pia

• Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi

Marejeo

• "Minorities in Greece – Historical Issues and New Perspectives". History and Culture of South Eastern Europe. An Annual Journal. München (Slavica) 2003.
• (2008) The Constitution of Greece, Paparrigopoulos, Xenophon; Vassilouni, Stavroula (translators), Athens: Hellenic Parliament. ISBN 978-960-560-073-0. 
• Clogg, Richard (1992). A Concise History of Greece, 1st, Cambridge University Press, 10–37. ISBN 978-0-521-37228-2. , 257 pp.
• Clogg, Richard (2002). A Concise History of Greece, 2nd, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00479-4. .
• Dagtoglou, PD (1991). "Protection of Individual Rights", Constitutional Law – Individual Rights I (in el). Athens-Komotini: Ant. N. Sakkoulas. 
• Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-08149-3. , 376 pp.
• Hatzopoulos, Marios (2009). "From resurrection to insurrection: 'sacred' myths, motifs, and symbols in the Greek War of Independence", The making of Modern Greece: Nationalism, Romanticism, and the Uses of the Past (1797–1896). Ashgate, 81–93. 
• Kalaitzidis, Akis (2010). Europe's Greece: A Giant in the Making. Palgrave Macmillan. , 219 pp. The impact of European Union membership on Greek politics, economics, and society.
• (2002) Greece: The Modern Sequel. From 1831 to the Present. London: Hurst & Co.. 
• Kostopoulos, Tasos (2011). "La guerre civile macédonienne de 1903-1908 et ses représentations dans l'historiographie nationale grecque". Cahiers Balkaniques 38-39 (38–39): 213–226.

     .

• Kremmydas, Vassilis (1977). (in el)Μνήμων 6: 16–33.

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• Kremmydas, Vassilis (2002). (in el)Μνήμων 24 (2): 71–84.

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• Livanios, Dimitris (1999). "Conquering the souls: nationalism and Greek guerrilla warfare in Ottoman Macedonia, 1904‐1908". Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 23: 195–221.

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• Mavrias, Kostas G (2002). Constitutional Law (in el). Athens: Ant. N. Sakkoulas. ISBN 978-960-15-0663-0. 
• Mazower, Mark (1992). "The Messiah and the Bourgeoisie: Venizelos and Politics in Greece, 1909- 1912". The Historical Journal 35 (4): 885–904.

     . https://archive.org/details/sim_historical-journal_1992-12_35_4/page/885.

• Pappas, Takis (April 2003). "The Transformation of the Greek Party System Since 1951". West European Politics 26 (2): 90–114.

     . https://archive.org/details/sim_west-european-politics_2003-04_26_2/page/90.

• "Wall St. Helped to Mask Debt Fueling Europe's Crisis", 14 February 2010. .
• Trudgill, P (2000). Language and Nationalism in Europe. Oxford University Press. .
• Venizelos, Evangelos (2002). "The Contribution of the Revision of 2001", The "Acquis" of the Constitutional Revision (in el). Athens: Ant. N. Sakkoulas. ISBN 978-960-15-0617-3. 
• "PDF pager" Ἑλλάς - Ἑλληνισμὸς [Greece - Hellenism], Μεγάλη Ἐλληνικὴ Ἐγκυκλοπαιδεῖα (in Greek) (Athens: Pyrsos Co. Ltd.) 10, 1934 

Viungo vya nje

• (Kiingereza) (Kifaransa) (Kigiriki) Rais wa Ugiriki Archived 17 Septemba 2012 at the Wayback Machine.

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